UNAIDS/WHO AIDS epidemic update: December 2005
Auvert B et al. (2001). Male circumcision and HIV infection in four cities in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS, 15(Supplement 4): S31-S40 H�
lake-island communities in Mwanza region, Tanzania. International Conference on AIDS, 12;109
International HIV/AIDS Alliance (2003) Positive Prevention: Prevention strategies for people living with HIV/AIDS. Brighton.
Jordan-Harder B. et al.,(2004) Thirteen years HIV-1 sentinel surveillance and indicators for behavioural change suggest impact of programme activities in south-west Tanzania. AIDS, 18(2):287-294.
Salomon JA, Hogan DR, Stover J, et al., (2005) Integrating HIV prevention and treatment: From slogans to impact. PLoS Med 2: e16
Maman S et al. (2000). The intersections of HIV and violence: directions for future research and interventions. Social Science and Medicine, 50:459–78
McFarland W et al. (1999). Prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among male Zimbabwean factory workers. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 180(5):1459-65, cited in Pisani (2003).
Meehan A et al.(2004). Prevalence and risk factors for HIV in Zimbabwean and South African women. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract MoPeC3468 Bangkok. 11–16 July.
Montano et al. (2005) Prevalences, genotypes and risk factors for HIV transmission in South America JAIDS 40:1
Ministry of Health Uganda (2005). Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-behavioural Survey 2004-05: Preliminary Report. Ministry of Health. Kampala
Mpiima et al., (2003). Increased demand for VCT services driven by introduction of HAART in Masaka District, Uganda. Poster presentation to the Second IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, Paris, 13–17 July, cited in UNAIDS (2004a).
Mwaluko G et al., (2003) Trends in HIV and sexual behaviour in a longitudinal study in a rural population in Tanzania 1994–2000. AIDS, 17(18):2645-2651.
Myer L et al. (2005). Bacterial vaginosis and susceptibility to HIV infection in South African women: a nested case-control study. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 192
Population Council Horizons Program (2001) HIV voluntary counselling and testing among youth ages 14 to 21. Washington DC.
Reproductive Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council (2004). National Survey of HIV and Sexual Behaviour among Young South Africans. Johannesburg, Reproductive Health Research Unit.
Salomon JA, Hogan DR, Stover J, Stanecki KA, Walker N, et al. (2005) Integrating HIV prevention and treatment: From slogans to impact. PLoS Med 2: e16
Stolte IG et al (2002) A summary report from Amsterdam: increase in sexually transmitted diseases and risky sexual behaviour among homosexual men in relation to the introduction of new anti-HIV drugs. Euro Surveill 2002;7(2):19–22
Walker N et al. (2004) Estimating the global burden of HIV/AIDS: what do we really know about the HIV pandemic? Lancet 363: 2180–2185
UNAIDS (2004) Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva.
UNAIDS (2004a) AIDS epidemic update 2004. Geneva
UNAIDS (2005) Intensifying HIV Prevention Policy Position Paper. Geneva.
UNAIDS, UNFPA, WHO (2004) Position Statement on condoms and HIV prevention, Geneva.
USAID, UNAIDS, WHO, UNICEF and Policy Project. Coverage of Selected Services for HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support in low and middle income countries in 2003, Washington DC, Policy Project, 2004
WHO (2003) Antiretroviral therapy in primary health care: experience of the Khayelitsha programme in South Africa: case study. Geneva.
WHO (2005) Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women. Geneva.
WHO (2005a) World Health Report 2005. Geneva.
Asamoah-Odei E and Calleja T (2004). HIV prevalence trends in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of 5 years’ ANC data. Slide presentation to the ‘Evidence and causes of declines in HIV prevalence and incidence in countries with generalised epidemics’ workshop. Harare, Zimbabwe, 15-17 November. Sponsored by UNAIDS, WHO, CDC and UNICEF.
Baltazar G (2005). HIV sentinel surveillance 2004. Slide presentation. June. Ministry of Health Kenya.
Binagwaho A et al. (2005). Epidemiological developments regarding HIV/AIDS in Rwanda: 2005. Briefing paper. CNLS, TRAC, UNAIDS. Kigali.
Centre de recherché pour le Développement Humain et MEASURE DHS+ (2005). Enquête démographique et de santé 2005: Rapport Préliminaire. CRDH, MEASURE DHS+. Dakar, Calverton.
Cheluget B, Marum L, and Stover J (2004). Evidence of declining HIV prevalence and risk behaviour in Kenya. Presentation to the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections. 15-17 November. Harare.
Cowan FM et al. (2005). Evidence of a decline in incidence of HIV infection among young people in rural Zimbabwe. Abstract MP-022. Paper presented to the 16th biennial meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research. 10-13 July. Amsterdam.
Department of Health, South Africa (2005). National HIV and syphilis antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa 2004. Department of Health. Pretoria.
Direction Générale de la Lutte contre le SIDA et al. (2005). Enquete Nationale ANC Madagascar. Direction Générale de la Lutte contre le SIDA, Ministère de la Santé et Laboratoire National de Référence VIH/SIDA. Antananarivo.
Ekra A et al. (2004). Evidence for changes in sexual behaviour and HIV incidence in Cote d’Ivoire. Presentation to the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections. 15-17 November. Harare.
Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia (2004). AIDS in Ethiopia: 5th report. June. Federal Ministry of Health, Disease Prevention and Control Department. Addis Ababa.
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria (2004). 2003 National HIV sero-prevalence sentinel survey: Technical Report. Federal Ministry of Health. Abuja.
Gomes do Espirito Santo ME and Etheredge GD (2005). Male clients of brothel prostitutes as a bridge for HIV infection between high risk and low risk groups of women in Senegal. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 81:342-344.
Grupo tematico VIH/SIDA Angola (2002). A luta a epidemia de VIH/SIDA como uma prioridade nacional. Presentacao 11 Dezembro. Ministerio da saude do Angola, UNAIDS. Luanda.
Hargrove JW et al. (2005). Declining HIV prevalence and incidence in women attending maternity clinics in greater Harare, Zimbabwe. (Submitted for publication)
Human Rights Watch (2005). Clear the filth: Mass evictions and demolitions in Zimbabwe. Briefing paper. September. Human Rights Watch. New York. Available at http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/africa/zimbabwe0905/
Jordan-Harder B et al. (2004). Thirteen years HIV-1 sentinel surveillance and indicators for behavioural change suggest impact of programme activities in south-west Tanzania. AIDS, 18(2):287-294.
Kayirangwa E and Hanson J (2004). Recent trends in HIV prevalence in Rwanda. Presentation to the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections. 15-17 November. Harare.
Kintin FD et al. (2004). Enquête de prévalence des IST/VIH et des comportements sexuels chez les travailleuses due sexe et leurs partenaires masculins a Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Novembre. Conseil national de lutte contre le sida et les IST, CIDA, CCSID. Ouagadougou.
Mahomva A (2004). Trends in HIV prevalence and incidence and sexual behaviour. Presentation to the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections. 15-17 November. Harare.
Mbulaiteye SM et al. (2002). Declining HIV-1 incidence and associated prevalence over 10 years in a rural population in south-west Uganda: a cohort study. The Lancet, 360. July 6.
Ministère de l’economie, des finances et du budget (2005). Enquete Demographique et de Santé Madagascar 2003-2004. Février. Institut National de la Statistique, ORC Macro. Antananarivo, Claverton, USA.
Ministère de la santé publique Burundi (2004). Bulletin epidemiologique annuel de surveillance du VIH/SIDA/IST pour l’année 2003. Octobre. Ministère de la santé publique. Bujumbura.
Ministère de la santé publique Cameroon (2004). EDSC-III 2004 Résultats Préliminaires. Octobre. Institut national de la statistique, Ministère de la Santé publique, ORC Macro. Yaounde, Claverton, USA.
Ministère de la santé Mali (2004). Surveillance epidemiologique du VIH au Mali de 1985 a 2004. Ministère de la santé. Bamako.
Ministère de la santé et de la prévention médicale Senegal (2004). Sénégal enquête démographique et de santé 2005 rapport préliminaire. Juillet. Ministère de la santé et de la prevention médicale, Centre de Recherche pour le Développement Humain. MEASURE DHS+ ORC Macro. Dakar, Calverton U.S.A.
Ministère de la santé République du Congo (2004). Evaluation de la séroprévalence des infections a VIH Rapport d’analyse provisoire. Ministère de la Santé. Brazzaville.
Ministère de la santé Rwanda (2001). Enquete demographique et de sante (EDSR-II). Septembre. Office national de la population, ORC Macro. Kigali, Calverton U.S.A.
Ministère de la santé Togo (2004). Rapport de surveillance de l’infection par le VIH dans le groupe des consultantes prénatales, Année 2003. Février. Ministère de la santé. Lomé.
Ministerio da saude do Angola (2004). Relatório preliminar do estudo de seroprevalência de VIH, sifilis e hepatite B, mulheres grávidas em consulta prenatal. Ministerio da saude. Luanda.
Ministry for Health and Child Welfare Zimbabwe, 2004 & 2005, forthcoming
Ministry of Health Eritrea (2004). HIV prevention impact in Eritrea: Results from the 2003 Round of HIV Sentinel Surveillance. Ministry of Health. Asmara.
Ministry of Health Kenya (2005). AIDS in Kenya, 7th edition. National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP), Ministry of Health. Nairobi.
Ministry of Health Mozambique (2005). Report on the update of the HIV epidemiological surveillance data: 2004 round. August. Ministry of Health. Maputo.
Ministry of Health Uganda (2005). Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-behavioural Survey 2004-05: Preliminary Report. Ministry of Health. Kampala.
Ministry of Health Uganda (2003). STD/HIV/AIDS surveillance report. June. Ministry of Health. Kampala.
Ministry of Health United Republic of Tanzania (2004). Surveillance of HIV and Syphilis among Antenatal Clinic Enrollees 2003-2004. Dar es Salaam.
Ministry of Health and Population Malawi (2003). HIV sentinel surveillance report 2003. November. Lilongwe. Ministry of Health and Population.
Ministry of Health and Social Services Namibia (2004). Report of the 2004 national HIV sentinel survey. Ministry of Health and Social Services. Windhoek.
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Lesotho. (2005). Report of the Sentinel HIV/Syphilis Survey 2005. September. STI/HIV and AIDS Directorate, Ministry of Health & Social Welfare. Maseru.
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Lesotho (2003). 2003 HIV sentinel survey report. October. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Lesotho. Maseru.
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Swaziland (2005). 9th round of national HIV serosurveillance in women attending antenatal care services at health facilities in Swaziland: survey report. March. Ministry of Health & Social Welfare Swaziland. Mbabane.
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Swaziland (2002). 8th HIV sentinel serosurveillance report. December. Ministry of Health & Social Welfare Swaziland. Mbabane.
Monze M (2004). Evidence for declines in HIV incidence: Zambia. Presentation to the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections. 15-17 November. Harare.
Mugurungi O et al. (2005). HIV in Zimbabwe. In: Glynn JR, Carael M (eds.) HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa. Springer.
Mundandi C et al. (2005). Sexual behaviour change, spatial mobility and stabilisation of the HIV epidemic in eastern Zimbabwe. Poster Exhibit 3495. 12 July. XV International AIDS Conference, Bangkok.
National AIDS Coordinating Agency, Botswana (2005). Botswana AIDS Impact Survey II: Popular Report. March. Republic of Botswana. Gaborone.
National AIDS Coordinating Agency, Botswana (2003). Botswana 2003 second generation HIV/AIDS surveillance: Technical report. December. Gaborone.
National HIV/AIDS Council Zambia (2002). ANC Sentinel surveillance of HIV/AIDS trends in Zambia, 1994-2002. National HIV/AIDS Council, Sida, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tropical Diseases Research Center. Lusaka.
Nko S et al. (2004). Secretive females or swaggering males? An assessment of the quality of sexual partnership reporting in rural Tanzania. Social Science & Medicine, 59:299-310.
Statistics SA (2005). Mortality and causes of death in South Africa, 1997-2003. Statistics SA. Pretoria.
Reproductive Health Research Unit (2004). HIV and Sexual Behaviour Among Young South Africans: A National Survey of 15-24 Year Olds. April. Reproductive Health Research Unit, Johannesburg.
Presidence du Faso (2005). Suivi de la declaration d’engagement sur le VIH/SIDAA (UNGASS): Cadre pour la presentation des reports pays—periode concernee Janvier-Decembre 2004. Mars. Ouagadoudou.
Seychelles Communicable Disease Control Unit (2005). Epidemiological Bulletin Seychelles. Ministry of Health, WHO. Victoria.
Statistics SA (2005). Mortality and causes of death in South Africa, 1997-2003. Statistics SA. Pretoria.
UNAIDS (2004). 2004 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva.
UNAIDS/WHO (2004b). 2004 AIDS epidemic update. Geneva.
UNAIDS/WHO (2005). Progress on global access to HIV antiretroviral therapy: An update on ‘3 by 5’. UNAIDS/WHO. Geneva.
UNICEF (2004). Girls, HIV/AIDS and Education. December. UNICEF. New York. Available at http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_25047.html
Ward H, Walker N, and Ghys PD (2004). Methods and tools for HIV/AIDS estimates and projections. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80(Supplement 1). August.
Wawer M et al. (2005). Declines in HIVI prevalence in Uganda: Not as simple as ABC. Abstract 27 LB, 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 22-25, 2005. Boston U.S.A.
WHO (2005). The 2004 First national second generation HIV/AIDS/STI sentinel surveillance survey among antenatal care women attending maternity and child health clinics, tuberculosis and STD patients. July. WHO. Somalia.
Altaf A et al. (2004). Harm reduction among injection drug users in Karachi, Pakistan. Paper presented at the XVth International HIV/AIDS Conference. July. Bangkok.
Basu I et al. (2004). HIV prevention among sex workers in India. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 36(3):845-852.
Buavirat A et al. (2003). Risk of prevalent HIV infection associated with incarceration among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand: case-control study. British Medical Journal, 326(7384): 308.
Buckingham R and Meister E (2003). Condom utilization among female sex workers in Thailand: Assessing the value of the health belief model. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 4(4):18-23.
Center for Health Research & Ministry of Health (2002). A study of injecting drug use behaviour in three cities: Surabaya, Jakarta and Bandung. University of Indonesia.
China Ministry of Health and UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS (2003). A joint assessment of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in China (2004). UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China. Beijing.
Choi KH et al. (2003). Emerging HIV-1 epidemic in China in men who have sex with men. Lancet, 361:2125-26.
Department of Health Myanmar (2005). Sentinel surveillance data for March-April 2004. AIDS Prevention and Control Project. Yangon.
Department of Health Myanmar (2004). Sentinel surveillance data for March-April 2004. AIDS Prevention and Control Project. Yangon.
Department of Health Philippines (2003). Status and trends of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines: The 2002 technical report of the National HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance System. Department of Health. Manila.
Go VF et al. (2004). High HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in men who have sex with men in Chennai, India. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 35(3):314-319.
Hien NT et al. (2004a). HIV/AIDS epidemics in Vietnam: Evolution and responses. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A):137-154.
Hien NT et al. (2004b). Risk factors for HIV seropositivity among young heroin injecting drug users in Quang Ninh province, Viet Nam. Submitted for publication.
Huang M and Hussein H (2004). The HIV/AIDS epidemic country paper: Malaysia. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A):1001-09.
Kaufman J and Jing J (2002). China and AIDS—the time to act is now. Science, 296:2339-40.
Lertpiriyasuwat C et al. (2003). A survey of sexual risk behavior for HIV infection in Nakhonsawan, Thailand, 2001. AIDS, 17(13): 1969-76.
Mateo RJ et al. (2003). HIV/AIDS in the Philipppines. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A):43-52.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Bangladesh (2004). HIV in Bangladesh: The present scenario. November. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Dhaka.
Ministry of Health Malaysia and WHO (2004). Consensus report on HIV and AIDS—Epidemiology in 2004: Malaysia. Ministry of Health & WHO. Kuala Lumpur.
Ministry of Health Pakistan, DfID, Family Health International (2005). National study of reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infections: Survey of high-risk groups in Lahore and Karachi, 2005. Ministry of Health, Department for International Development, Family Health International. Karachi.
Ministry of Health Viet Nam (2005). HIV/AIDS estimates and projections 2005-2010. General Department of Preventive Medicine and HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health. Hanoi.
Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network (MAP) (2005a). Drug injection and HIV/AIDS in Asia—MAP Report 2005. July. Geneva
Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network (MAP) (2005b). Sex work and HIV/AIDS in Asia—MAP Report 2005. July. Geneva
Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network (MAP) (2004). AIDS in Asia: Face the facts—A comprehensive analysis of the AIDS epidemics in Asia. Geneva.
NACO (2004a). Annual Report 2002-2003, 2003-2004. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Delhi.
NACO (2004b). State-wise HIV prevalence (1998-2003). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Delhi.
National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control China (2003). Information on HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Beijing.
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STIs (NCHADS) (2004). HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) 2003: Trends Results, and Estimates. Phnom Penh.
Nemoto T (2004). HIV/AIDS surveillance and prevention studies in Japan: Summary and recommendations. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A):27-42.
Ono-Kihara M et al. (2001). Sexual practices and the risk for HIV/STDs infection of youth in Japan. Journal of the Japan Medical Association, 126(9)1157-1160.
Phimphachanh C and Sayabounthavong K (2004). The HIV/AIDS/STI situation in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A): 91-99.
Pisani E. (2003) The Epidemiology of HIV at the Start of the 21st Century: Reviewing the Evidence. Working Paper (September). UNICEF. New York.
Poshyachinda V (2005). Review of Thailand’s situation: Drugs and HIV. Slide presentation. June. Institute for Health Research, Chulolongkorn University. Bangkok.
Punpanich W et al. (2004). Thailand’s response to the HIV epidemic: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A):119-136.
Reza-Paul SRP et al. (2005). An integrated behavioral and biological study among female sex workers in Mysore, India. Abstract no. MP-106. Paper presented to the 16th biennial meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research, 10-13 July. Amsterdam.
Riono P and Jazant S (2004). The current situation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Indonesia. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(SupplementA):78-90.
Saphonn V et al. (2005). Trends of HIV-1 seroincidence among HIV-1 sentinel surveillance groups in Cambodia, 1999-2002. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 39(5):587-592.
Shah SA, Altaf A, Mujeeb SA, and Memon A (2004). An outbreak of HIV infection among injection drug users in a small town in Pakistan: potential for national implications. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 15(3):209-210.
Solomon S et al. (2004). A review of the HIV epidemic in India. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A):155-169.
State Council AIDS Working Committee & UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS (2004). A joint assessment of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in China (2004). December. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office and the UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China. Beijing.
Thai Working Group on HIV/AIDS Projections (2001). HIV/AIDS projections for Thailand: 2000-2020. March. Bangkok.
Thwe M (2004). HIV/AIDS education and prevention in Myanmar. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(Supplement A):170-177.
Toole M et al. (2005). Study of young men’s sexual behaviour: Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, August-November. Burnet Institute.
UNAIDS (2004). 2004 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva.
UNDP (2004). Thailand’s response to HIV/AIDS: progress and challenges. Bangkok.
Van Griensven F et al. (2005). Evidence of a previously undocumented epidemic of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS, 19(5):521:526.
Viet Nam Ministry of Labour Invalids and Social Affairs (2001). Report results of the survey on high risk factors of drug abuse among groups of female prostitutes in Vietnam. UNDCP.
Wi T et al. (2002). RTI/STD Prevalence in Selected Sites in the Philippines. Manila, Department of Health and Family Health International.
Yang H et al. (2005). Heterosexual transmission of HIV in China: A systematic review of behavioral studies in the past two decades. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 32(5):270-280. May.
Zhang K-L et al. (2004). Epidemiology of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in China. Sexual Health, 16:39-46.
Zunyou W (2005). Nationwide Scaling-up Harm Reduction – A Case Study from China. Paper presented at 7th International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific. 2 July. Kobe.
WHO EURO et al. (2004). Preliminary results of the 2nd generation surveillance and prevalence of HIV in Moldova in 2003. WHO EURO, Pasteur Institute in St. Petersburg’, National Scientific-Practical Centre for Preventive Medicine. Republic of Moldova
Aids Prevention Centre Latvia (2005). Statistics fact sheets. Riga. Available at http://aids.gov.lv/?sadala=146.
Aitken C et al. (2002). The impact of a police crackdown on a street drug scene: evidence from the street. International Journal of Drug Policy, 13:189-198
Armenian National AIDS Center (2005). HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Republic of Armenia. Fact sheet. Yerevan. Available at http://www.armaids.am.
Balakireva O et al. (2003). The Prospects for Development of HIV Prevention Programmes among Injecting Drug Users. UNICEF, UNAIDS, Social Monitoring Centre. Kiev.
Binagwaho A et al. (2005). Epidemiological developments regarding HIV/AIDS in Rwanda: 2005. Briefing paper. CNLS, TRAC, UNAIDS. Kigali.
Blumenthal R et al. (1997). Impact of law enforcement on syringe exchange programmes: a look at Oakland and San Francisco. Medical Anthropology, 18:61-64.
Bobrik A et al. (2005). Prison Health in Russia: The Larger Picture. Journal of Public Health Policy, 26:30–59.
Booth RE et al. (2004). Predictors of Self-Reported HIV Infection Among Drug Injectors in Ukraine. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 35(1):82-88.
Des Jarlais DC et al., (2002). HIV risk behaviour among participants of syringe exchange programmes in central/eastern Europe and Russia. International Journal of Drug Policy, 13:165-170.
Eroshina K et al. (2005a). Cohort study on the effectiveness of Russian needle exchange programs. Handbook of the 16th Conference on the reduction of drug related harm. March. Belfast, Northern Ireland.
EuroHIV (2005). HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe: End-year report 2004, No. 71. Institut de Veille Sanitaire. Saint-Maurice.
Federal Service of the Russian Federation in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 2005
Field MG (2004). HIV and AIDS in the Former Soviet Bloc. New England Journal of Medicine, 315:117-120.
Filatov A and Suharsky D (2002). Peculiarities of HIV infection among intravenous drug users in Mirninsk district, Yakut area. 4th European AIDS Conference, Vilnius, Lithuania.
FOCUS-MEDIA Public Health and Social Development Foundation (2005). Telephone survey carried out among Moscow residents aged 15-29 to investigate knowledge and beliefs and about HIV/AIDS and attitudes toward safe sex. March. Moscow.
Gibson DR, Flynn NM, and Perales D (2001). Effectiveness of syringe exchange programs in reducing HIV risk behavior and HIV sero-conversion among injecting drug users. AIDS, 15:1329-1341.
Grund, J-P et al.(2005).QUO VADIS? Role of Injecting Drug Users in the Development of the Epidemic of HIV-Infection in Ukraine (Rus.). Ukrainian AIDS Centre. Kiev.
Grund J-P et al. (2001). Drug use patterns and HIV risk behaviours of Russian syringe exchange participants. Presented at the 12th International Conference on the Reduction of Drug-Related Harm. New Delhi.
Health Protection Inspectorate Estonia (2005). HIV infections in Estonia fact sheet. Tallinn. Available at www.tervisekaitse.ee.
Human Rights Watch (2005). Positively abandoned: Stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive mothers and their children in Russia. July. Human Rights Watch. New York. Available at http://hrw.org/reports/2005/russia0605/
Kazakhstan AIDS Center, 2005
Lithuanian AIDS Center (2005). Fact sheets. Vilnius. Available at http://old.aids.lt
Lowndes, C. M. et al. (2002). Female injection drug users who practice sex work in Togliatti City, Russian Federation: HIV prevalence and risk behaviour. XIV International AIDS Conference. Abstract MoPeC3501. Barcelona.
Ministry of Health Belarus (2005a). HIV epidemic situation in the Republic of Belarus. January. Ministry of Health. Minsk.
Ministry of Health Belarus (2005b). Modern methods of HIV sentinel surveillance in the Republic of Belarus: Report on the results of studies. Ministry of Health. Minsk.
Ministry of Health of Ukraine (2005). Ukraine: National Report on the follow-up to the UNGASS Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS - Reporting Period: 2003-2004
Molotilov V et al. (2003). Rapid increase in HIV rates—Orel Oblast, Russian Federation, 1999-2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 52:657-660.
Pokrovskiy V, Federal AIDS Centre (2005). HIV/AIDS in Russia. Presentation to HIV/AIDS in the Russian Federation and Ukraine workshop, Geneva. January.
Republican AIDS Centre (2004). Results of 2003 Sentinel Epidemiological Surveillance for HIV among Sex Workers in Kazakhstan. Almaty, Republican AIDS Centre.
Republican AIDS Centre (2001). Behavioural Survey among Injecting Drug Users in Nine Cities of Kazakhstan. Almaty, Republican AIDS Centre.
Rhodes T and Simic M (2005). Transition and the HIV risk environment. British Medical Journal, 331:220-223.
Rhodes T et al. (2004a). Injecting equipment sharing among injecting drug users in Togliatti City, Russian Federation. Journal of Acquired Deficiency Syndromes, 35(3):293-300.
Rhodes T et al. (2004b). HIV transmission and HIV prevention associated with injecting drug use in the Russian Federation. International Journal of Drug Policy, 15:1-16.
Russian Federal AIDS Centre (2005).
Shakarishvili A et al. (2005). Sex work, drug use, HIV infection and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation. The Lancet, 366:57-60.
Shaboltas AV, Verebochikin SV, Hoffman I, Raider R, Perbyu TZ, Kozlov, AP. (2004). ‘Organisatsiya kogortnogo issledovaniya I otsenka zarazhennosti I zarazhaemosti VICH sredi in’ektsionnikh narkopotrebitelei vSankt-Peterburge. [Cohort research and assessment of HIV infection rate and susceptibility to HIV infection among IDUs in St Peteresburg]. Russkii Zhurnal ‘VICH/SPID I rodstvennie problemi’. [Russian Journal: HIV/AIDS & related problems], 8(1): 20-28.
Smolenskaya TT et. al. (2005). Sentinel Surveillance among Population Groups with Risk Behavior in North-West Russia. Personal communication.
Todd CS et al. (2005). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in female sex workers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Abstract MP-025. Paper presented to the 16th biennial meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research. 10-13 July. Amsterdam.
Ukrainian AIDS Centre (2005a). HIV infection in Ukraine. Information Bulletin, 24. Kiev.
Ukrainian AIDS Centre (2005b); Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV-infection and Sexually-Transmitted Infections – as a Component of the System of Second Generation Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV-infection in Ukraine (Ukr.).
UNODC (2005). Illicit Drug Trends in the Russian Federation 2004. UNODC Regional Office for Russia and Belarus. Moscow.
UNAIDS/WHO (2005). Progress on global access to HIV antiretroviral therapy: An update on ‘3 by 5’. UNAIDS/WHO. Geneva.
UN Resident Coordinator Office & Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005). Millennium Development Goals in Kazakhstan–MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Astana.
USAID and Centers for Disease Control (1998). HIV/AIDS strategy in Russia, 1998-2000. USAID. Washington.
Verevochkin SV et al. (2005). High prevalence of HIV infection among IDUs: No significant changes. Russkii Zhurnal. SPID, Rak I obshchestvennoe zdorov’ye, 9 (2). Presented at the14th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health. 23-27 May. St. Petersburg.
World Health Organization (2005); WHO/Europe, Ukraine: estimations of treatment needs. http://www.euro.who.int/aids/surveillance/20050419_1 .
Camara B and Zaidi I (2005). The future of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Caribbean. CAREC Surveillance Report Supplement 1 (June).
Camara B et al. (2003). The Caribbean HIV/AIDS epidemic epidemiological status / success stories: A summary. CAREC Surveillance Report, 23.
CAREC/PAHO and Maxi Linder Foundation (2005a). An HIV seroprevalence and behavioral study among commercial sex workers (CSW) in Suriname. CAREC/PAHO. Paramaribo.
CAREC/PAHO and Maxi Linder Foundation (2005b). An HIV seroprevalence and behavioral study among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Suriname. CAREC/PAHO. Paramaribo.
Caribbean Epidemiology Centre, PAHO, WHO (2003). Success stories in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean—An update. Port of Spain, CAREC. December.
Caribbean Technical Expert Group (2004). Strengthening the Caribbean Regional Response to the HIV Epidemic: Report of the Caribbean Technical Expert Group Meeting on HIV Prevention and Gender. Drafting working document. 28-29 October. Jamaica.
Del Prado R. et al. (1998). AIDS and Behavior Change. A population survey, A KAPB survey and an HIV seroprevalence study in Paramaribo, Suriname. Paramaribo.
Department of Public Health The Bahamas (2004). HIV Surveillance 1992-2003. Nassau, Department of Public Health.
Duke V et al. (2004). Seroprevalence of HIV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 among women in Tobago: A cord blood-based survey. CAREC Surveillance Report, 24(3). November
Gaillard EM et al. (2004a). Le VIH/SIDA en Haiti: Une raison d’espérer. December. Policy Project.
Gaillard EM et al. (2004b). Evidence for changes in sexual behavior and HIV incidence in Haiti. Slide presentation. 15-17 November. UNAIDS/WHO/UNICEF. Harare.
Inciardi JA, Syvertsen JL, and Surratt HL (2005). HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean Basin. AIDS Care, 17(Supplement 1):S9-S25.
Kumar A and Singh B (2004). Impact of the AIDS Prevention Program on trends in prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among pregnant women in Barbados. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract ThPeC2782. Bangkok. 11-16 July.
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population Haïti et al. (2004). Etude de sero surveillance par méthode sentinelle de la prévalence du VIH, de la syphilis, de l’hépatite B et de l’hépatite C chez les femmes enceintes en Haïti 2003/2004. Port-au-prince, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population. Juillet.
Ministry of Health Jamaica (2004). Jamaica HIV Sentinel Surveillance Serosurvey Report, 2004. Division of Health Promotion and Protection, Ministry of Health. Jamaica.
Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic (2003). HIV infection and AIDS in the America. MAP. Havana.
PAHO (2005). Care fact sheets. Pan American Health Organization. Washington DC, USA.
Palmer CJ et al. (2002). HIV Prevalence in a Gold Mining Camp in the Amazon Region, Guyana. Emerging Infectious Diseases, (8)3. March. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol8no3/01-0261.htm.
Secretaria de Estado de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social de Republica Dominica (2005a). De Segunda Generación Encuestas De Seroprevalencia de la Infección VIH Basadas en Puestos Centinelas 2004. Marzo. Secretaria de Estado de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, USAID-FHI/CONECTA. Santo Domingo.
Secretaria de Estado de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social de Republica Dominica (2005b). Encuestas de vigilancia del comportamiento sobre VIH/ SIDA/ ITS en RSX y HSH del Área V de Salud. Enero. Secretaria de Estado de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social de Republica. Santo Domingo.
St John MA et al., (2003). Efficacy of Nevirapine Administration on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV using a modified HIVNET 012 regimen. West Indian Medical Journal, 51 (Suppl 3):1-87.
Susman E (2003). US could learn from Cuban AIDS policy. AIDS, 17:N7-8.
Toro-Alfonso j and Varas- Diaz N (2004). Vulnerabilidad y Riesgo de los HSH en la República Dominicana 2004. FHI/ CONECTA. Santo Domingo.
UNAIDS/WHO (2004). AIDS epidemic update – December 2004. UNAIDS/WHO. Geneva.
Weiss HA et al. (2001).The epidemiology of HSV-2 infection in four urban African populations AIDS, (15)Supp 4:S97-108.
Bautista CT et al. (2004). Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among South American men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80:498-504.
Carcamo C (2004). Informe de la consultaría sobre vigilancia epidemiológica a Bolivia. Briefing document. La Paz.
CENSIDA (2003). Data from the National AIDS Cases Registry in Mexico. Centro Nacional para la Prevención y Control del SIDA. Mexico City; cited in Magis-Rodriguez (2004).
Chequer P (2005). Aprecentacao (Oral presentation to the IAS Rio Pathogenesis conference). Boletim Epidemiologico – Aids e DST. Ano I - No. 01-26 de 2004 – semanas epidemiologicas. Janeiro a junho 2004. Marco. Ministerio da Saude do Brasil. Brasilia.
García R (2005). Reducir la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres ante el VIH/Sida: Campaña mundial, prioridad nacional. Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud, 4(8). (en prensa).
García R et al. (2005). Reduction of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Colombia: Two years of national experience, 2003-2005. Submitted for publication, July.
Guanira J et al. (2004). Second generation of HIV surveillance among men who have sex with men in Peru during 2002. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract WePeC6162. Bangkok. 11-16 July.
Khalsa JH, Francis H, and Mazin R (2003). Bloodborne and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Drug Abusers in the United States, Latin America, the Caribbean and Spain. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37(Suppl 5):S331-7.
Lambert M-L et al. (2005). Street youths are the only high-risk group for HIV in a low-prevalence South American country. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 32(4):240-242.
Magis C et al. (2000). La respuesta mexicana al SIDA: mejores prácticas. Consejo Nacional para la Prevención y Control del SIDA. Serie Ángulos del SIDA. México City.
Magis-Rodríguez C et al. (2004). Migration and AIDS in Mexico: An overview based on recent evidence. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 37(Supplement 4):S215-S226.
Magis-Rodríguez C et al. (2002). People living with HIV estimate in Mexico. XIV International AIDS Conference. Abstract C10846. Barcelona. 7-12 July.
Magis-Rodríguez C et al. (1997). Estudio sobre prácticas de riesgo de infección por VIH/SIDA en inyectores de drogas de la Cd. De Tijuana. BC Revista Salud Fronteriza, 2:31-14
Marins JRP et al. (2003). Dramatic improvement in survival among adult Brazilian AIDS patients. AIDS, 17(11):1675-1682.
Mejía A et al. (2002). HIV-1, syphilis and hepatitis B virus prevalence and risk factors among commercial sex workers, Bogota, Colombia, 2002. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract WePeC6251. Bangkok. 11-16 July.
Minichielloa SN, Uribe CMP, Anaya L, and Bertozzia S (2002). The Mexican HIV/AIDS Surveillance System: 1986-2001. AIDS, 16(suppl 3):S13-17.
Ministerio de Salud de Argentina (2004). Boletín sobre el SIDA en la Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Octubre. Buenos Aires.
Ministerio de Salud de Ecuador (2005). Epidemiología del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida en el Ecuador. Junio. Quito.
Ministerio de salud de Peru (2005). Sentinel surveillance report. Ministerio de salud de Peru, Directorate of Epidemiology. Lima
Ministerio de salud de Peru (2004). Redes de intercambio sexual en la dinámica de transmisión poblacional del VIH según niveles de la epidemia. Ministerio de salud. Lima.
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social Programa Nacional de ITS/SIDA. Asociación “Entre Amigos”, San Salvador, El Salvador (2003). Estudio Multicéntrico Centroamericano de Prevalencia de VIH/ITS y Comportamientos en Hombres que tienen Sexo con otros Hombres en El Salvador.
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social de Guatemala Programa Nacional de Control y Prevención de ITS/VIH/SIDA Organización de Apoyo a una Sexualidad Integral frente al SIDA (OASIS) Asociación de Salud Integral (ASI) Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala ( 2003). Estudio Multicéntrico Centroamericano de Prevalencia de VIH/ITS y Comportamientos en Hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres en Guatemala (EMC)
Ministry of Health & PAHO/WHO Bolivia (2003). Document on the characterization of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Bolivia. Unpublished.
Ministerio da Saude do Brasil (2005). Boletim Epidemiologico – Aids e DST. Ano I - No. 01-26 de 2004 – semanas epidemiologicas. Janeiro a junho 2004. Marco. Ministerio da Saude. Brasilia.
Montano SM et al. (2005). Prevalences, genotypes and risk factors for HIV transmission in South America. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 40(1):57-64.
National AIDS Commission Chile (2003). Epidemiological Surveillance Report, December 2003. CONASIDA. Santiago
National AIDS Program Paraguay (2005). Epidemiological Surveillance Report. April. Ministry of Health. Asunción.
National AIDS Program Uruguay (2005). Epidemiological Surveillance Report. April. Ministry of Health. Montevideo.
Osimani ML (2003). The Challenge of Implementation of Preventive Programs in a Developing Country: Experiences, Situations and Perspectives in Uruguay. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37(Suppl 5):S422-6.
PAHO (2005). Care fact sheets. Pan American Health Organization. Washington DC, USA.
Pando de los A et al. (2003). HIV immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroprevalence in men who have sex with men from Buenos Aires, Argentina: risk factors for infection. International Journal of Epidemiology, 32:735-740.
Prieto F, Osorio A, and De Neira M (2004). Prevalencia de VIH en Población General Colombia 2003: VI Estudio Nacional Centinela de VIH 2003-2004. Primera Fase. Información Quincenal Epidemiologica Nacional (Colombia), 9(23-24):362-376.
Prieto F (2003). Veinte años del VIH en Colombia, 1983-2003. Datos de la vigilancia epidemiológica. Información Quincenal Epidemiologica Nacional (Colombia), 8(22):355-366. Bogota.
Secretaria de Salud de Honduras (2003). Estudio Multicèntrico Centroamericano de prevalencia de HIV/ITS y Comportamientos en Poblaciones espificas en Honduras. Enero. Departmento ITS/VIH/SIDA. Tegucigalpia.
Segura M et. al. (2005). Cohort of Men who have Sex with Men: recruitment, retention and seroincidence of HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections. Poster presentation to the IAS Pathogenesis conference 2005. Rio de Janeiro, Julio 2005.
UNAIDS (2004). 2004 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS. Geneva
UNAIDS/WHO (2004). Epidemiological Fact Sheet: Various (2004 update). UNAIDS/WHO. Geneva. Available at http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/epidemiology/pubfacts/en/
UNAIDS/WHO (2003). AIDS epidemic update 2003. Geneva, UNAIDS/WHO.
Weissenbacher M et al. (2003). AIDS National Center of Reference, Argentina. High Seroprevalence of Bloodborne Viruses among Street – Recruited Injection Drug Users from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37(Suppl 5): S348-52
British Medical Association (2005). Sexually transmitted infections (STI): An update. Fact sheet. January. Available at http://www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/STIupd05~UK.
De la Fuente L et al. (2003). Lessons from the history of the human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic among Spanish drug injectors. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37(suppl 5):S410-5.
Dodds JP (2005). HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour in community samples of men who have sex with men in Brighton, Manchester and London. Abstract no. MP-100. Paper presented to the 16th biennial meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research. 10-13 July. Amsterdam.
Dougan S et al. (2005). HIV infections acquired through heterosexual intercourse in the United Kingdom: findings from national surveillance. British Medical Journal, 330:1304-1305. 4 June.
Elford J et al. (2005a). Unsafe sex among MSM living in London: still increasing? Abstract no. MP-096. Paper presented to the 16th biennial meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research. 10-13 July. Amsterdam.
Elford J et al. (2005b). Does the recent increase in new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom reflect a rise in HIV incidence?. Abstract no. MP-039. Paper presented to the 16th biennial meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research. 10-13 July. Amsterdam.
Elford J et al. (2004). Trends in sexual behaviour among London homosexual men 1998-2003: implications for HIV prevention and sexual health promotion. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 80:451-454.
EuroHIV (2005). HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe: End-year report 2004 (No 71). Insitut de Veille Sanitaire. Saint-Maurice.
Gambotti L and the acute hepatitis C collaborating group (2005). Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men in Paris, France, 2001-2004. Eurosurveillance, 10(4-6), Apr-June.
Giuliani M et al. (2005). Increased HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Rome. AIDS, 19(13):1429-1431.
Glynn M, Rhodes P (2005). Estimated HIV prevalence in the United States at the end of 2003. Abstract No. 595. National HIV Prevention Conference. June. Atlanta, USA.
Hamers FF and Downs AM (2004). The changing face of the HIV epidemic in western Europe: what are the implications for public health policies? Lancet, 364:83-94.
Leone P et al. (2005). HIV transmission among black women – North Carolina, 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54(4):89-94. 4 February. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5404a2.htm.
Lot F et al. (2004). Preliminary results from the new HIV surveillance system in France. Eurosurveillance, 9(4).
McKnight CA (2005). Update: Syringe exchange programs, United States, 2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54(27):673-676. 15 July. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5427a1.htm.
McMahon et al. (2004). Increased sexual risk behaviour and high HIV sero-incidence among drug-using low-income women with primary heterosexual partners. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract TuOrD1220. Bangkok. 11-16 July
McQuillan G, Kottiri B, and Kruszon-Moran D (2005). The Prevalence of HIV in the United States Household Population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-2002. Abstract 166LB. 12th International Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 22-25 February. Boston, USA.
Mazick A et al. (2005). Hepatitis A outbreak among MSM linked to casual sex and gay saunas in Copenhagen, Denmark. Eurosurveillance, 10(4-6), Apr-June.
Montgomery JP et al. (2003). The extent of bisexual behaviour in HIV-infected men and implications for transmission to their female sex partners. AIDS Care, 15:829-837.
Murphy G et al. (2004). HIV incidence appears constant in men who have sex with men despite widespread use of effective antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 18(2):265-272.
National AIDS Centre (2005). HIV and AIDS in Poland: From the beginning of the epidemic in 1985 till the end of 2004. Slide presentation. Warsaw.
Prabhu R et al. (2004). The bisexual bridge revisited: sexual risk behaviour among men who have sex with men and women, San Francisco, 1998-2003. AIDS, 18(11):1604-1606.
Public Health Agency of Canada (2005). HIV and AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Report to December 31, 2004. Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Public Health Agency of Canada. Ottawa. Available at http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/aids-sida/haic-vsac1204/index.html
Robert Koch Institut (2005). HIV-Infektionen/AIDS: Halbjahresbericht I/2005. Epidemiologisches Bulletin, 30. September. Available at http://www.rki.de/
UK Collaborative Group for HIV and STI Surveillance (2004). Focus on Prevention. HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United Kingdom in 2003. November. Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. London.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005). HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men—five U.S. cities, June 2004-April 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54(24):597-601.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2004a). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 15. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, U.S.A. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrlink.htm
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2004b). HIV/AIDS Among African Americans. Fact Sheet. US centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, U.S.A. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/afam.htm
Valleroy LA et al. (2004). The bridge for HIV transmission to women from 15- to 29-year-old men who have sex with men in 7 US cities. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract ThOrC1367. Bangkok. 11-16 July
Vall Mayns M et al. (2004). Outbreaks of infectious syphilis and other STIs in men who have sex with men in Barcelona, 2002-2003. Eurosurveillance, 9(4):60.
Van de Laar M and Op de Coul ELM (2004). Increase in STIs in the Netherlands slowed in 2003. Eurosurveillance, 9(4).
Walensky RP et al. (2005). 2 Million years of lives saved: The survival benefits of AIDS therapy in the United States. Abstract 143LB. Presented at the 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 22-25 February. Boston, MA, USA.
Abdulrahman A et al. (2004). Mode of transmission of HIV-1 in Saudi Arabia. AIDS, 18(10):1478-1480.
El-Rahman A (2004). Risky behaviours for HIV/AIDS infection among a sample of homosexuals in Cairo city, Egypt. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract WePeC6146. Bangkok. 11-16 July.
Fares E et al. (2004). Epidemiological surveillance of HIV/AIDS in Algeria, North Africa, based on the sentinel sero-surveillance survey. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract C10572. Bangkok. 11-16 July.
Institut de Formation Paramédicale de Parnet (2004). Rapport de la réunion d’évaluation a mis-parcours de l’enquête de sero-suveillance du VIH. 9 Juin.
Jenkins C and Robalino D (2003). HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa: The cost of Inaction. World Bank. Washington.
Ministry of Health Sudan (2005). Annual report. Sudan National HIV/AIDS Surveillance Unit. Khartoum.
Razzaghi E et al. (1999). Rapid Situation Assessment of Drub Abuse in Iran. Ministry of Health and United Nations International Drug Control Program. Tehran; cited in Zamani S et al. (2005).
Sammud A (2005). HIV in Libya. August. Ministry of Health. Tripoli.
Sudan National AIDS Control Program (2004a). Antenatal situation analysis & behavioral survey: results and discussions. Khartoum.
Sudan National AIDS Control Program (2004b). Sex sellers situation analysis & behavioral survey: results and discussions. Khartoum.
Sudan National AIDS Control Program (2004c). Internally Displaced People situation analysis & behavioral survey: results and discussions. Khartoum.
Sudan National AIDS Control Program (2004d). University Students situation analysis & behavioral survey: results and discussions. Khartoum.
UNAIDS/WHO (2004). AIDS epidemic update December 2004. Geneva
WHO/EMRO (2005). Progress Report on HIV/AIDS and ‘3 by 5’. July. WHO,. Cairo.
Zamani S et al. (2005). Prevalence of and factors associated with HIV-1 infection among drug users visiting treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. AIDS, 19:709-716.
Ministry of Health New Zealand (2005). AIDS-New Zealand (Issue 55). February.
National AIDS Council & National Department of Health PNG (2004). The report of the 2004 national consensus workshop of Papua New Guinea. Port Moresby.
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (2005). HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual Surveillance Report 2005. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. Sydney. Available at http://www.med.unsw.edu.au/nchecr.
Pisani E and Dili STI survey team (2004). HIV, STIs and risk behaviour in East Timor: an historic opportunity for effective action. Family Health International. Dili, East Timor.
Secretariat of the Pacific Community, AIDS Section (2005). Spread of HIV in the Pacific region—1984 to 2004. Briefing paper. June.
Sullivan EA et al. (2004). HIV, Hepatitis B and other sexually transmitted infections and associated risk behaviours in Pacific-island seafarers, Kiribati. XV International AIDS Conference. Abstract ThP2C735. Bangkok. 11-16 July.
