Focus on
United Kingdom
OVERVIEW
Nuevas infecciones por el VIH
En 2018 alrededor de 4500 personas (un 73 % eran hombres y un 27 %, mujeres) fueron diagnosticadas con VIH en Reino Unido, un 28 % menos respecto a 2015 y un 6 % menos respecto a 2017.
Public Health England (la oficina ejecutiva del Departamento de salud y asistencia social de Reino Unido) señala que este descenso se debe a la tendencia en nuevos diagnósticos de VIH entre hombres gais y otros hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres, la cual se ha reducido en un 39 % desde el pico de 2015 hasta aproximadamente 1900 diagnósticos en 2018. En ese mismo periodo, el número de nuevos diagnósticos de VIH también se redujo un 24 % entre la gente que contrajo el virus por contacto heterosexual, y se pasó de unos 2300 nuevos casos en 2015 a 1550 en 2018.
Según Public Health England, la intensificación de la prevención combinada ha sido fundamental para disminuir desde 2012 la incidencia del VIH entre hombres gais y otros hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres. Durante la década pasada, la prevención combinada ha ido evolucionando. Hoy en día se recomienda realizar pruebas del VIH muy frecuentemente a las personas que mantienen relaciones sexuales sin protección con parejas nuevas o esporádicas. También se ha pasado al inicio más temprano e inmediato del tratamiento antirretroviral después del diagnóstico y se ha aumentado la disponibilidad de la profilaxis preexposición desde finales de 2015.
90–90–90
Según las cifras de 2017 manejadas por Public Health England, Reino Unido ha alcanzado los objetivos 90-90-90.
De las 100 000 personas que se calcula que vivían con el VIH en el país en 2017:
- un 92 % conocía su estado serológico.
- un 98 % de las personas que sabían que eran seropositivas estaban siguiendo un tratamiento antirretroviral.
- un 97 % de las personas que vivían con el VIH y seguían el tratamiento estaban viralmente suprimidas.
En general, un 87 % de las personas que vivían con el VIH en Reino Unido en 2017 se estima que tenían una carga viral indetectable, la cual las mantiene sanas y evita la transmisión del virus.
Viviendo con el VIH
Más de 96 000 personas fueron atendidas por VIH en Reino Unido en 2018. Más de la mitad (en torno a 52 000) eran blancas, y más de una cuarta parte (unas 28 000), negroafricanas.
La población que vive con el VIH diagnosticado se va haciendo mayor. En 2018, alrededor del 40 % de la gente que accedió a la atención sanitaria para el VIH en Reino Unido tenía 50 años o más.
Muertes
En 2018 fallecieron en Reino Unido unas 470 personas con VIH. Desde 2009, ha habido un descenso de un 20 % en el número de muertes entre las personas que viven con el VIH en Reino Unido.
Trends in new HIV diagnoses and in people receiving HIV-related care in the United Kingdom: data to the end of December 2018 (tendencias en los nuevos diagnósticos de VIH y en las personas que reciben atención relacionada con el VIH en Reino Unido: datos hasta finales de diciembre de 2018, en inglés).
Progress towards ending the HIV epidemic in the United Kingdom: 2018 report (poniendo fin a la epidemia del VIH en Reino Unido: informe de 2018, en inglés) Public Health England.
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