Children

Innovation in HIV diagnostics is urgently needed if the world hopes to achieve the 90–90–90 target for access to antiretroviral therapy, leading scientific experts advised this week. The call for intensified effort and innovation on HIV diagnostics occurred during two sessions at the 8th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, held in Vancouver, Canada.

“It is clear that we can’t accept business as usual when it comes to HIV diagnostics,” said UNAIDS Deputy Executive Director Luiz Loures, who moderated a special satellite session on enhancing diagnostic access. “We must do things differently if we are to reach the 90–90–90 target.”

Global experts focused on three key diagnostic challenges: ensuring timely diagnosis of HIV among children, rapidly increasing knowledge of HIV status among adults living with HIV and scaling up essential viral load testing. These three focus areas are key priorities for the Diagnostics Access Initiative, a multi-stakeholder global initiative that aims to fully leverage the potential of laboratory medicine to lay the groundwork to end the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat.

Diagnosing children living with HIV

Unlike adults, who can be diagnosed with HIV through a simple antibody test, very young children require more expensive molecular tests, which use centralized laboratories that are remote from clinical sites. This creates substantial delays in diagnosing HIV-exposed children and also increases both costs and the risks that specimens or results will be lost. Even when early infant diagnostic services are available, many HIV-exposed children only receive their HIV test results after the time when peak mortality occurs, at six to eight weeks old, according to Trevor Peter, of the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI).

Relatively simple, point-of-care diagnostic tests for early infant diagnosis are now emerging, Mr Peter reported, and these will need to be rapidly scaled up. In addition, mobile health technologies have the potential to reduce delays in the communication of test results and help ensure that test results for HIV-exposed children are actually received at the clinical site. At the Vancouver conference, UNAIDS and its partners in the Diagnostics Access Initiative announced with Roche Diagnostics a 35% decline in the global price for early infant diagnostic testing.

Ensuring 90% knowledge of HIV status among adolescents and adults living with HIV

UNAIDS sponsored a separate session at the conference on democratizing HIV testing to reach the 90–90–90 target. Joseph Amon of Human Rights Watch advised that all people should feel empowered to choose where, when and how they want to be tested for HIV. Consistent with this human rights approach, there is growing interest in HIV self-testing tools.

New international guidelines on HIV testing services, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Vancouver this week, indicate that WHO envisages widespread access to self-testing as an important component of a comprehensive HIV testing effort. Several countries in different regions currently allow HIV self-testing, but most countries have yet to adapt their laws and regulatory frameworks to permit it.

The new WHO guidelines on HIV self-testing emphasize the importance of moving testing access closer to communities. In particular, the new guidelines recommend steps to enable lay workers to administer HIV tests. Results from the Sustainable East Africa Research for Community Health (SEARCH) trial in more than 30 rural communities in Kenya and Uganda indicate that population-level knowledge of HIV status approaching or exceeding 90% can be achieved through community-owned, multidisease testing campaigns.

Presenting modelling work, John Stover of Avenir Health said that 90% knowledge of HIV status is achievable more broadly through a strategic combination of testing strategies, such as provider-initiated testing in diverse health settings, outreach to key populations, fixed centres for HIV testing and counselling, and various community-based approaches, such as HIV self-testing, mobile testing and door-to-door, home-based efforts.

Ensuring universal access to viral load testing

Conference participants also heard urgent calls to expand access to viral load testing. Not only is access to viral load testing essential for monitoring the 90-90-90 target, but viral load testing is an essential clinical tool to detect early treatment failure and permit intervention to improve treatment adherence. However, projections by CHAI indicate that current trends in the uptake of viral load testing are insufficient to ensure achievement of the 90–90–90 target.

During the diagnostics-focused sessions, several ways forward were suggested to close the viral load testing gap. Partners in the Diagnostics Access Initiative, along with the Government of South Africa, last year concluded an agreement with Roche Diagnostics to reduce the price of viral load testing by 40% worldwide. In addition, steps need to be taken to maximize the effective use of the viral load platforms that presently exist, as many viral load technologies are severely under-utilized at present.

New price could help close children’s HIV treatment access gap

VANCOUVER/GENEVA, 19 July 2015—Global partners in the Diagnostics Access Initiative have joined with Roche Diagnostics to announce a 35% reduction in the price for HIV early infant diagnostic technologies. The new access price is US$ 9.40 per test, including proprietary reagents and consumables associated with diagnosing HIV in very young children. Partners involved in the negotiation of this reduced access price include UNAIDS, the Clinton Health Access Initiative Inc., the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and UNITAID.

With peak mortality among children living with HIV occurring at 6-8 weeks, the World Health Organization recommends that all children exposed to HIV receive early infant diagnostic screening within the first two months of life.  However, only around half of children exposed to HIV receive early infant diagnostic screening, in part because costs have limited the number of testing platforms currently used in low- and middle-income countries. This has contributed to a major gap in HIV treatment access, as in 2014 only 32% of children living with HIV received antiretroviral therapy compared with 41% of adults living with HIV. Without knowing the HIV status of a child it is impossible to access life-saving treatment. Without treatment, half of all children born with HIV will die by the age of two and the majority will die by the age of five.

“This agreement with Roche Diagnostics is a powerful step towards ending the unconscionable failure of the world to meet the treatment needs of children living with HIV,” said UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé. “We now need to use this agreement to rapidly scale up diagnostic and treatment services for all children living with HIV, in line with the 90-90-90 target.”

The 90-90-90 target provides that by 2020, 90% of all people living with HIV will know their HIV status; 90% of all people with an HIV diagnosis will receive sustained antiretroviral therapy; and 90% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy will achieve viral suppression.

“As the leader in HIV diagnostics, Roche is proud to support the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goal by expanding access to quality HIV testing for early infant diagnosis in resource limited settings,” stated Roland Diggelmann, Chief Operating Officer of Roche Diagnostics. “Increased access to early infant diagnosis can provide an impactful contribution for mother and child and contribute to achieving UNAIDS’ goals for controlling and eradicating the HIV/AIDS epidemic.”

This is the second major pricing agreement that partners in the Diagnostics Access Initiative have forged with Roche Diagnostics. In 2014, these partners, joined by the Government of South Africa, announced a 40% reduction in the global price of the leading platform for HIV viral load testing. The new cost for early infant diagnosis is the same as the one negotiated for viral load testing for adults.

The UNAIDS-sponsored Diagnostics Access Initiative, launched at the International AIDS Conference in Australia in July 2014, issued a call to the global community to achieve more affordable pricing for viral load testing. Through the leadership of South Africa and in partnership with CHAI, UNAIDS, UNITAID, The Global Fund and the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), suppliers were challenged to lower viral load prices, and Roche is the first company to step forward and offer the HIV community an access policy that will accomplish these goals. Other partners in the DAI include the World Health Organization, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African Society for Laboratory Medicine and UNICEF.

“This new agreement reduces prices by 35% for HIV tests for infants," said CHAI Chief Executive Officer Ira C. Magaziner. "This will allow more infants to be tested which will in turn save the lives of many children who will now be able to enter treatment sooner. I congratulate Roche. This represents the latest in a series of agreements where Roche has been a pioneer in bringing state of the art testing to resource poor settings at affordable prices.”

Leading AIDS financing organizations also welcomed the new agreement.

“No child should die because early infant diagnostic screening isn’t available.  This price reduction will be a positive step forward to make diagnosis of HIV more widely available and to ensure children exposed to HIV are diagnosed early and receive the life-saving treatment they need," said Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, M.D., U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and  U.S. Representative for Global Health Diplomacy.

“This agreement builds on and supports other efforts of a strong partnership to make the market for viral load testing more competitive and transparent, and that better serves children affected by HIV,” said Mark Dybul, Executive Director of the Global Fund.

“Our collective efforts, including this further reduction in the price of infant testing, will help make it possible to find every newly infected child with HIV and immediately link them to care” said UNITAID's Executive Director, Lelio Marmora. “This encouraging development is aligned with UNITAID’s investments to improve access to better, more affordable HIV testing and treatment for children, which are accelerating innovation of paediatric HIV diagnosis through the optimization of existing laboratory-based systems as well as the introduction of novel technologies at and near the point-of-care.”

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

Despite significant achievements, too many of the world’s poorest children face inequalities that are having a dramatic impact on their health, education and future prospects, warns UNICEF in a report published on 23 June.

In Progress for children: beyond averages, the final report on child-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), UNICEF highlights that millions of children and young people are still dying early, missing out on school, living in poverty and being disproportionately affected by the AIDS epidemic.

“The MDGs helped the world realize tremendous progress for children – but they also showed us how many children we are leaving behind,” said UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake. “The lives and futures of the most disadvantaged children matter – not only for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, their communities and their societies,” he added.

The report acknowledges that huge strides have been made in attaining MDG 6–combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseses.  For instance, between 2001 and 2013 new HIV infections have declined by 58% in children under 15, mainly due to progress in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The Global Plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive has helped achieve a rapid expansion in the availability of antiretroviral medicines to pregnant women found to be living with HIV.

However, only 23% of HIV-positive children received such life-saving medicines in 2013 (compared to 37% of adults) and, in addition, adolescents aged 10-19 are the only group that has not seen a decrease in AIDS-related deaths in recent years.

The report also notes that about 35% of the 1.9 million people newly infected with HIV were young people aged 15-24. Adolescent girls are still most affected by HIV and in some countries are two to three times more likely to be infected than their male counterparts.

Progress for Children highlights a number of other such disparities and areas of deep concern across the spheres of health, education and income. It contends that as the era of the MDGs draws to a close, making way for preparations among world leaders to adopt new Sustainable Development Goals, disadvantaged children must be at the heart of these goals and targets.

The report also argues that better data collection, that tells a more rounded story and is not simply reliant on averages such as those used to measure the MDGs, will help identify the most vulnerable children and encourage tailor-made health and education solutions that help them to live longer, happier and healthier lives.

Tiny pellets make antiretroviral medicines more palatable for children

NEW YORK/GENEVA, 5 June 2015—Children affected by HIV and AIDS will benefit from the decision by the United States Food and Drug Administration to grant approval to a new antiretroviral formulation that can be mixed with food to make it easier for children living with HIV to take the life-saving medicines, UNAIDS and UNICEF said today.

“Treatment innovations such as this that replace unpleasant and bad tasting medicines are a real breakthrough, accelerating access to treatment for children and keeping our youngest healthy,” said Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS. “It is unacceptable that only 24% of children living with HIV have access to antiretroviral medicines.”

The oral pellets, manufactured by Indian generic medicines manufacturer CIPLA, contain an antiretroviral formulation of lopinavir and ritonavir that can be mixed into a child’s food. The treatment is heat stable and more palatable than medicines currently available, making it particularly suitable for treating very young children.

“This new formulation is a step in the right direction towards saving more lives of children living with HIV,” said Craig McClure, UNICEF’s Chief of HIV and AIDS and Associate Director, Programmes. “We expect it to greatly improve treatment access for many more children and support UNICEF’s equity focused programming aimed at reaching the most disadvantaged children throughout the world.”

HIV infection progresses rapidly in children and, in highly impacted countries, is a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality. Without treatment, one in three children who become infected with HIV will die before their first birthday. Half will die before their second birthday.

Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in children as recommended by the World Health Organization substantially reduces the risk of death. Many countries have not been able to fully implement the WHO recommendation because of the challenge of not having a more appropriate, heat stable and palatable paediatric formulation of lopinavir/ritonavir used as part of the treatment options for children under 3 years of age.

Despite global efforts to accelerate access to HIV paediatric care and treatment, fewer than 800 000 of the 3.2 million children living with HIV worldwide had access to antiretroviral medicines in 2013.

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

JOHANNESBURG, 13 April 2015—The Champions for an AIDS-Free Generation gathered together today to announce new efforts to ensure that all children in Africa are born free from HIV and that children living with HIV have access to life-saving treatment. Since young people continue to be deeply affected by the epidemic, the Champions also announced that they will add adolescents and HIV to their portfolio of work. 

“The Champions are determined to keep HIV high on the continental agenda,” said Festus Mogae, Chairperson of the Champions. “We will leave no one behind and we will not rest until Africa has reached the goal of an AIDS-free generation.”

During their three-day meeting, the Champions are scheduled to hold high-level discussions with the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, the Deputy President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, and leading figures from the private sector.

The Champions for an AIDS-Free Generation was launched in 2008 by Mr Mogae, the former President of Botswana. The Champions transcend political partisanship to speak freely and independently about the issues that need solutions, both publically and behind the scenes. Since November, five new leaders have joined their distinguished ranks: Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa; Joyce Banda, former President of Malawi; Alpha Oumar Konaré, former President of Mali; Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of Nigeria; and Hifikepunye Pohamba, former President of Namibia.

“Today, we come together as a strengthened group of Champions to reaffirm our commitment to ending mother-to-child transmission of HIV and to ensuring that mothers and children already living with HIV stay healthy,” said Ms Banda. “I am proud to be involved in the Champions for an AIDS-Free Generation.”

As the Champions reaffirmed their commitment to an AIDS-free generation, they were joined by partners that include UNAIDS, the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and private sector representatives.

“The Champions have been steadfast in calling for improved HIV prevention and treatment options, and there has been progress,” said UNAIDS Executive Director, Michel Sidibé. “Now, with their ranks strengthened, the Champions will be even stronger advocates to fast-track the AIDS response in Africa to ensure that every baby is born free from HIV and that their mothers stay healthy.”     

“An AIDS-free generation is within our grasp if we use the scientific knowledge, data and tools at our disposal,” said Ambassador Deborah Birx, United States Global AIDS Coordinator and United States Special Representative for Global Health Diplomacy. “I am inspired today by this committed group of leaders, who are using their wisdom and influence to move towards an AIDS-free generation in Africa.”  

“We need leaders like the Champions who are unafraid to speak out and put AIDS at the very top of Africa’s health agenda,” said Mark Dybul, Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

Other partners of the Champions for an AIDS-Free Generation include UNICEF, the World Bank, the South African Development Community (SADC), the SADC Parliamentary Forum, the Economic Community of West African States and the South African Broadcasting Corporation.    

The risk of a mother living with HIV passing the virus to her child can be reduced to 5% or less if she has access to antiretroviral medicines during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. 

“Women need strong partners like the Champions so they receive access to proper HIV counselling, treatment and prevention services,” said Lorraine Mashishi, a mother living with HIV. “Women living with HIV can avoid passing the virus on to their children if they get the support they need.”

Currently 21 of the 22 countries that are part of the Global Plan to eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive are in Africa. Since 2009, there has been a 43% decline in new HIV infections among children in these countries, but there were still 210 000 (180 000–250 000) new HIV infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa in 2013. Only 42% of children exposed to HIV were tested for the virus within the recommended two months. Without treatment, half of all children living with HIV will die by the age of two and the majority will die by the age of five.

Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected by the AIDS epidemic—in 2013, there were 24.7 million (23.5 million—26.1 million) people living with HIV in the region.

The Champions are:

• Festus Mogae, former President of Botswana and Chairperson of the Champions.
• Joyce Banda, former President of Malawi.
• Joaquim Chissano, former President of Mozambique.
• Kenneth Kaunda, former President of Zambia.
• Alpha Oumar Konaré, former President of Mali. 
• Benjamin William Mkapa, former President of the United Republic of Tanzania.
• Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa.
• Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of Nigeria.
• Hifikepunye Pohamba, former President of Namibia.
• Desmond Tutu, Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.
• Speciosa Wandira-Kazibwe, former Vice-President of Uganda. 
• Edwin Cameron, Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.
• Miriam Were, former Chairperson of the Kenya National AIDS Control Council.

Champions for an AIDS-Free Generation

The Champions for an AIDS-Free Generation is a distinguished group of former presidents and influential African leaders committed to an AIDS-free generation. Individually and collectively, the Champions rally and support regional leaders towards ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat. The Champions transcend political partisanship to speak freely and independently about the issues that need solutions, both publically and behind the scenes. www.aidsfreechampions.org

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook and Twitter.

GENEVA, 19 March 2015—UNAIDS, in partnership with the hotel InterContinental Genève, Cartier and Etihad Airways, is holding its first fundraising gala, in Geneva, Switzerland. The event is part of UNAIDS’ efforts to ensure that children everywhere are free from HIV and that mothers have access to antiretroviral medicines to ensure that they stay alive and well.

The gala is being held under the patronage of Caroline Rupert, Kweku Mandela and Ndaba Mandela, and is being attended by personalities from both Switzerland and abroad.

The Executive Director of UNAIDS, Michel Sidibé opened the event, emphasizing the importance of stopping new HIV infections among children. “The science and medicines exist to ensure that no child becomes infected with HIV. Mobilizing innovative partnerships and increased resources will be vital to reaching all women and children in need of life-saving HIV prevention and treatment services.”

Florence Ngobeni-Allen, Global Ambassador for the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, from South Africa, and Ashley Rose Murphy, from Canada, spoke about their experiences of living with HIV. “I was born in 1998, when Canada had the medications and the ability to ensure that almost zero babies were born with HIV. I should not have HIV. But I do,” said Ms Murphy. “Now these life-saving medications can be available everywhere. If we work hard, we can make sure that no one, no matter where they live, is born with HIV.”

The musical highlight of the evening will be the Norwegian duo Nico & Vinz performing their hit songs Am I Wrong and My Melody, a song dedicated to people living with HIV.

A live auction will be curated by David Bennett from Sotheby’s, for which Maison Cartier has provided a set of high jewellry earrings and a lady’s watch. Further items include pieces from Victoria Beckham’s collection, Christian Louboutin custom-made shoes, a watch from Piaget and a Nelson Mandela limited edition print donated by Annie Leibovitz.

The theme of the gala is “Cities around the world”. Cities’ responses to HIV have been at the forefront since the start of the epidemic. Fast-Tracking the response to HIV in cities will be essential to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030.

The partnership between UNAIDS and the hotel InterContinental Genève began in December 2013 with the launch of the Where History is Made campaign, a joint initiative to raise funds to support the Global Plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive (Global Plan).

In 2013, some 240 000 children became newly infected with HIV and 190 000 children died of AIDS-related illnesses. Without HIV treatment, half of all children born with HIV die by the age of two and most die before their fifth birthday.

The Global Plan aims to reduce the number of new HIV infections among children by 90% and AIDS-related deaths among pregnant women and children by 50%. It focuses on all countries, but particularly on the 22 countries where 90% of new HIV infections among children occur.

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

At the fifty-ninth session of the Commission on the Status of Women, being held in New York, United States of America, a Kenyan campaign to stop new HIV infections among children has been highlighted as an example of what committed political leadership can achieve in improving women’s access to health care.

The First Lady of Kenya, Margaret Kenyatta, launched her Beyond Zero campaign to improve maternal health and stop children being born with HIV in 2014. Less than a year later, 18 mobile health clinics are now serving some of the country’s most affected communities, with many more planned to open soon.

Ms Kenyatta raised some of the initial funding for the campaign by running in sponsored marathons. She inspired around 30 000 people to join her, propelling the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to the top of the country’s health agenda.

Last month, the President of Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta, also pledged the country’s support and leadership for the global All In campaign to end adolescent AIDS, which was launched in Nairobi in March 2015.

The progress made in global efforts to improve women’s and children’s health was highlighted at  an Every Woman Every Child event hosted by the United Nations Secretary-General at the fifty-ninth session of the Commission on the Status of Women, being held in New York, United States of America.

Vera Brezhneva, UNAIDS Goodwill Ambassador for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, spoke alongside the United Nations Secretary-General at the event and reminded panel members and the audience that work is still needed to ensure that every child is born free from HIV.

In 2013, an estimated 240 000 children became infected with HIV and more than three in 10 women living with HIV did not receive the necessary antiretroviral treatment to prevent transmitting the virus to their child.

During the debate, Ms Brezhneva highlighted the need to focus on the unmet needs of women, children and adolescent girls, especially among populations most affected by HIV. She also called for the removal of barriers that stopped women accessing essential sexual and reproductive health-care services.

At the event, the United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, launched his progress report on the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health 2010–2015, highlighting that the world now has a historic opportunity to end preventable maternal, child and adolescent deaths.

At a ceremony in Abidjan, UNAIDS Executive Director, Michel Sidibé has honoured the First Lady of Côte d’Ivoire, Dominique Ouattara, for her humanitarian work and her commitment to improving access to paediatric treatment for children living with HIV. 

“Ms. Ouattara’s personal involvement is the clearest sign of her commitment to the most disadvantaged and of her interest in the health of mothers and their children, not only in Côte d’Ivoire but in the whole of Africa,” said Mr Sidibé.

Ms Ouattara is to become a Special Advocate for UNAIDS, helping to raise awareness for programmes aimed at preventing new HIV infections among children and advocating for women and children living with HIV to access antiretroviral therapy.

“This distinction will be a catalyst for my commitment to the elimination of AIDS. From now on, every action to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Côte d’Ivoire, in Africa and in the world will find a favourable echo in me. I am fully engaged in this fight and I will remain committed until we reach an AIDS-free generation,” said Ms Ouattara.

Ms Ouattara has been involved in humanitarian issues for many years. In 1998, she created the Children of Africa Foundation, which has supported several projects in Côte d’Ivoire, including the construction of a school and a centre for unaccompanied children as well as the promotion of child immunization campaigns.