As the war in Ukraine enters its fifth year, the humanitarian crisis continues to deepen, with profound consequences for access to essential services, including health care.
Modern warfare tactics, including the widespread use of drones and repeated attacks on critical infrastructure, are increasing civilian harm and fundamentally reshaping how health services are delivered, especially in conflict-affected settings.
In frontline areas, intensified hostilities have left medical facilities damaged, destroyed, or non-functional; caused severe staff shortages (40% of hospital positions unfilled or more in some areas) and made it unsafe for ambulances to reach remote or heavily damaged territories.
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The conflict has affected everyone in Ukraine, including people living with HIV and key populations.
