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School-based comprehensive sexuality education plays a vital role in promoting the health and well-being of children and adolescents, both now and in their future. It improves sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including for sexually transmitted infections and HIV, promotes safe and gender equitable learning environments and improves access to and achievement in education.

In a preview of the upcoming global report on the status of comprehensive sexuality education, more than 700 people joined an online event opened by Stefania Giannini, the Assistant Director-General, Education, for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). While some progress has been made, she noted that there’s still a long way to go and underscored comprehensive sexuality education as one of the key priorities for action to achieve gender equality.

People attending the event heard the perspectives and recommendations of young activists for sexual and reproductive health and rights and case studies from Sweden, Tunisia and Namibia, together with engagement from policy-makers on how they are working towards ensuring quality comprehensive sexuality education for all young people. 

“Like all journeys, the road towards comprehensive sexuality education is long, and sometimes winding, but it is leading us on the path to brighter, healthier futures for our young people,” Ms Giannini said.

The panel of young people collectively called for the recognition of education as a fundamental right, the need for strong implementation with proper financing and sufficient monitoring and evaluation and truly comprehensive curricula that respond to the needs of all young people.

Shannon Hader, the UNAIDS Deputy Executive Director, Programme, addressed the meeting, referring to the new Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026 and the 2021 United Nations Political Declaration on AIDS and the importance of comprehensive sexuality education to both. “Comprehensive sexuality education is a necessary core intervention—to prevent HIV among young people and also to empower young people to recognize and address issues of violence, sexual abuse and elements of their overall sexual health and well-being. Importantly, gaps in comprehensive sexuality education knowledge are not equal. Inequalities exist based on where young people live, levels of family income or education, digital access and degrees of gender inequality in the community. The global AIDS strategy recognizes we must end inequalities to end AIDS.”

The comprehensive sexuality education global status report is a collaboration between UNESCO, UNAIDS, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Children’s Fund, UN Women and the World Health Organization (WHO), with support from governments and civil society. The report provides a snapshot of the status of school-based comprehensive sexuality education around the world, which can help to inform advocacy and resourcing efforts, as governments and partners work towards the goal of ensuring that all learners receive good quality comprehensive sexuality education throughout their schooling.

“For governments and international stakeholders, we want you to stand up, speak out, change the rules and allocate resources for comprehensive sexuality education,” said Reuben Avila, the Director of Sin Control Parental and a She Decides young leader from Mexico.

The event was held in the lead-up to the Generation Equality Forum (GEF), which will be held from 30 June to 2 July and which will launch a series of concrete, ambitious and transformative actions to achieve immediate and irreversible progress towards gender equality.

”Bodily autonomy and sexual and reproductive health and rights” is one of six Action Coalitions that will be established during the GEF. Among the three actions agreed to for the Action Coalition, the first is to ”Expand comprehensive sexuality education”, with the goal of increasing the delivery of comprehensive sexuality education in and out of school to reach 50 million more children, adolescents and youth by 2026. The goal is fully supported by the Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026, which has a target to reach 90% of all young people with comprehensive sexuality education.

“For meaningful engagement of young people, we have to make sure they have ears, eyes and teeth. The ears mean that young people are aware of their entitlements, voice means that they can advocate for these rights and entitlements to be met by duty-bearers and the teeth means that young people can hold the duty-bearers accountable for doing so,” said Marina Plesons, a technical officer on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights at WHO.

This story was first published by the WHO

WHO and 12 other signatory agencies to the Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-being for All (SDG3 GAP) have released their second progress report, Stronger collaboration for an equitable and resilient recovery towards the health-related SDGs. This report presents progress achieved, especially at country level, where SDG3 GAP is being implemented in 37 countries, with its long-term, forward-looking SDG focus and as a platform to support countries’ equitable and resilient recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. The report also identifies challenges encountered over the last year, acknowledging the important roles that countries, agencies’ boards and donors play in setting the right incentives for effective collaboration among SDG3 GAP agencies.

“The GAP partners have shown their unwavering commitment to countries during the pandemic," said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. "Collaboration is now more relevant than ever. The GAP provides the platform to improve collaboration in the multilateral system to support countries to recover from the pandemic and drive progress towards the health-related SDGs, with a focus on equity and enabled by stronger primary health care.”

The report highlights ways in the which SDG3 GAP agencies are integrating work at country level, reducing fragmentation through joint work in support of national priorities and plans, creating synergies and increasing alignment within the broader health ecosystem – for example, incorporating parts of the Every Woman, Every Child agenda and working jointly with the Health Data Collaborative (HDC) in countries. Many countries are prioritizing primary health care (PHC) and sustainable financing as well as data for improving equity to understand people’s lives and to know where investments need to be made to reach the most left behind.

At a recent “PHC for UHC Mission to Pakistan”, SDG3 GAP agencies renewed their commitment to better align their support for the roll-out of a universal health coverage (UHC) benefit package. Dr Faisal Sultan, Minister of Health, Special Assistant to the Prime Minister, expressed his appreciation of the mission's work, noting that “implementation of the UHC benefit package will facilitate the strengthening of PHC services and securing sustainable financing will further support us to achieve UHC, ensuring no one is left behind.”

Looking ahead, the agencies will support additional countries under the SDG3 GAP approach. The agencies are committed to reviewing progress and have recently developed a monitoring framework to enable continued learning and enhance shared accountability.

Quotes from SDG3 GAP agencies

Dr Seth Berkley, CEO, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance:

“The COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating inequities in many countries. The poorest and most marginalised communities have been hardest hit. Today, in the 68 countries Gavi supports, nearly 10 million children still go without any basic, routine vaccines every year. Equitable and resilient recovery will require us to work together to reach these zero-dose children, so that no one is left behind.”

Dr Muhammad Pate, Director of the Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents: 

Partnership is at the heart of the GFF's country-led model. COVID-19 has made it even clearer that collaboration is critical to fight the pandemic and achieve the health-related SDGs. Working together GAP agencies have accelerated their efforts for stronger partner alignment, engagement and accountability behind country-led response and recovery efforts to reclaim the health gains and build a more inclusive and resilient recovery.”

Peter Sands, Executive Director of the Global Fund:

"Today’s global health challenges call for an integrated approach and intensive collaboration between all partners. We are committed to working together to deliver more effective and efficient support to countries, build the path towards an equitable and resilient recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and accelerate progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3: health and well-being for all."

Guy Ryder, Director-General of the International Labour Organization

“The ILO welcomes the progress for 2020 and as a new member looks forward to engaging with all SDG3-GAP partners in 2021 and beyond. The COVID-19 crisis has clearly demonstrated the interaction between health, social factors and decent work. It has highlighted the critical need for investments in all three areas. This will foster recovery and lead to a more sustainable, equitable development path. Equally, investments in the health of workers and of care workforce are vital to make progress towards universal health coverage. If we are to achieve SDG3, increased cooperation is needed. By joining this partnership the ILO reaffirms its commitment to support countries during this pandemic and beyond, through a multilateral and coherent approach.”

Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director of UNAIDS:

“We have seen with HIV and now with COVID-19 the critical role communities play in connecting key and vulnerable populations to essential health and social services, in ensuring gender equality, inclusion and rights-based approaches to health and social care, and in reducing inequalities. Resilient health systems rely on communities, this is why they feature prominently as a key pillar in the Global Action Plan and why they must be fully engaged, supported and funded."

Achim Steiner, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme:

The COVID-19 pandemic affects everyone everywhere, but it is having a disproportionate impact on the world’s most vulnerable. By 2030, eight out of ten people pushed into poverty, as a result of COVID-19, will live in low and medium human development countries. Greater cooperation is the only way to defeat COVID-19 and restore and accelerate progress on the SDGs and on the pledge to leave no one behind. The SDG 3 Global Action Plan (GAP) is enhancing collaboration to support countries with their COVID-19 response and to lay the foundation for an equitable and sustainable recovery.”

Dr Natalia Kanem, Executive Director of UNFPA:

“As the world rethinks health and other systems in the wake of the pandemic, we have a chance to address the inequalities, discrimination and exclusion COVID-19 has laid bare. Let us seize this opportunity to aim for universal coverage that upholds the fundamental rights, well-being and dignity of all. With quality disaggregated data to understand who is being left behind and why, and with women and girls at the centre of our rebuilding efforts, we can identify the best investments for strong, equitable health systems and resilient communities.”

Henrietta H Fore, Executive Director of UNICEF:

"Investing in primary health care is critical to keeping children, women and families safe during and beyond the pandemic. These investments will help countries prevent and fight future epidemics and pandemics, while achieving better health outcomes overall. UNICEF is proud to stand with our GAP partners as we help governments around the world design and deliver scaled-up primary health care services that can reach every child in every community.”

Dr Philippe Duneton, Executive Director of Unitaid:

"If the past year has shown us anything, it's that global solidarity is imperative to address the critical health challenges that confront us all, but particularly the world's most vulnerable populations. Alongside work to defeat the pandemic, we must not let progress against TB, malaria, HIV, other infectious diseases and women and children's health slip backwards, but rather double down on the goal of achieving the health-related SDGs. Equitable access to innovation has a vital role to play in getting lifesaving health products to everyone, no matter where they live."

Phumzile Mlambo Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women:

"The negative pressures exerted on our societies and economies by the COVID-19 pandemic both demonstrated and exacerbated gender inequalities and their intimate relationship with globally pervasive issues like men’s violence against women and the burden of unpaid caregiving work carried by women and girls.  Resolution of these complex problems underpins the achievement of the SDGs. It demands responses grounded in partnerships, such as the collaboration under the Global Action Plan, that rebalance power, realize women’s rights to health, and recognize their leadership roles as active agents of change in their households, workplaces, and communities." 

Dr Mamta Murthi, Vice President for Human Development at the World Bank:

“The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed weaknesses in health systems worldwide and set back progress towards SDG3. The World Bank is taking fast, comprehensive action to save lives and protect poor and vulnerable people, including with $12bn for vaccines, drugs and therapeutics. Partnerships and close coordination across all agencies is essential to help countries fight the pandemic effectively. We remain fully committed to working with all partners to strengthen countries’ health systems, including for better pandemic preparedness, and ensuring that no one is left behind.”

David Beasley, Executive Director of the World Food Program:

"The COVID-19 pandemic taught us to adapt, innovate and collaborate to save lives. We need to build on these lessons and step our game up even further. Working together even more effectively is critical so we can we meet increasing needs and build back better for a healthier, more well-nourished future."

Read the full report here

Over four consecutive years, no child in the eastern Caribbean country of Dominica was born with HIV, including in 2017 when, within two weeks, the island braved back-to-back hurricanes that ultimately damaged 90% of its infrastructure.

Dominica has now received validation from the World Health Organization (WHO) for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis. It is the eighth Caribbean country or territory to have achieved this dual elimination goal—joining Cuba, which achieved it in 2015, and Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat and Saint Kitts and Nevis, which achieved it in 2017.

During a virtual ceremony, partners reflected on the mix of political, health-care and community components required to create a sustainable framework for preventing HIV and other illnesses in the maternal and child health context.

Roosevelt Skerrit, the Prime Minister of Dominica, reiterated the importance of the government’s commitment to the Sustainable Development Goal health agenda. He noted that the investments made in health infrastructure and systems would help Dominica reach other targets, including a “reduction in maternal and child mortality, universal access to sexual and reproductive health services and universal health coverage.”

“Dominica’s journey to this ambitious achievement represents a cumulation of years of expanding the capacity of its primary care services to address communicable diseases and adopting harmonized and integrated approaches to improving the health outcomes for women and their children within maternal and child health services,” said Carissa Etienne, WHO Regional Director for the Americas and Director of the Pan American Health Organization.

All pregnant women in Dominica are offered HIV and syphilis testing when they enrol for antenatal care. For those found to be positive, treatment is provided free of charge. Access to health services is available to everyone regardless of nationality. And Dominica now provides early infant diagnosis in-country, thereby ensuring accurate and timely care for infants exposed to HIV.

Health-care workers, including a cadre of community health nurses and staff of the National HIV and AIDS Response Unit, who coordinated psychosocial support and care services, were critical for the strategy’s success.

Critically, Dominica worked to strengthen its health information system so it could provide evidence relating to the coverage of antenatal care, testing and treatment services and their impact. The validation process also included assessments on human rights, gender equity and community engagement.    

Meeting the rigorous data and reporting requirements for elimination of mother-to-child transmission certification is a key next step for several Caribbean countries that have already achieved remarkable gains in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Since 2010, the proportion of pregnant women living with HIV in the region receiving antiretroviral therapy to prevent transmission to their babies has doubled. 

The Director of the UNAIDS Caribbean Sub-Regional Office, James Guwani, noted during the ceremony that next month the world will adopt a new United Nations political declaration on AIDS.

“One of the most powerful testaments to our capacity to end the AIDS epidemic is success in ensuring that children are not born with HIV. But the work does not end there,” Mr Guwani said. “We must shift the attitudes and prejudices that make it difficult for families affected by HIV to live, learn, work and play freely. We must give all young people the education, empowerment and access to services they need to remain HIV-free throughout their lives. And we must do a better job at preventing HIV infections at all age groups and among all communities. By putting people first, we can end the AIDS epidemic.”

GENEVA, 12 May 2021—UNAIDS strongly welcomes the report and recommendations of the Independent Panel on Pandemic Preparedness and Response. Amongst others, the panel calls for the establishment of a Global Health Threats Council with participation at the highest political level to coordinate global action against pandemics and secure agreement between governments in aligning efforts to tackle the health, social and economic challenges of major pandemics. 

“The Independent Panel's recommendations are a wake-up call for transforming health systems across the world,” said Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director of UNAIDS. “Health is a universal public good in this interconnected society—no one is safe, until everyone is safe so we must reimagine health to provide the same quality of care regardless of geography, income or social status.”

UNAIDS shares the panel’s concerns on the impact of COVID-19 in deepening inequalities within and across countries. There has been a particularly uneven burden that women have had to endure. Despite constituting almost 60% of the health workforce and front-line workers, the needs of women have not been included in most COVID-19 responses, increasing the inequality gap. 

“Like HIV, COVID-19 has exploited the fault lines of society and exposed the fragility of recent gains in public health, added Ms Byanyima. “Lessons from the AIDS response can help shape a new paradigm for global health in which people are placed at the centre, inequalities are erased and the right to health is enshrined in every part of the world. 

UNAIDS also commends the report in highlighting the urgency for vaccine equity in calling for the urgent redistribution of 1 billion vaccines from rich to limited-resource countries by September 2021 to be followed by another 1 billion doses to be redistributed during 2022. 

UNAIDS fully supports the call for G7 countries to commit to providing 60% of the US$ 19 billion required for ACT-A in 2021 for vaccines, diagnostics, therapeutics and strengthening health systems with the remainder being mobilized from others in the G20 and other higher income countries. A formula based on ability to pay should be adopted for predictable, sustainable, and equitable financing of such global public goods on an ongoing basis. 

UNAIDS stands ready to support efforts to build pandemic resilience and preparedness, specifically building on UNAIDS experience with community-led responses, activism and rights-based approaches, and in leveraging investments in the unique HIV infrastructure and networks to create resilient health systems. UNAIDS urges all partners to apply the lessons learned from the HIV response to ensure a community led, equitable and human rights-based approach to support stronger pandemic preparedness and responses to ensure health for all.

HIV and pandemic preparedness will be discussed at the UN General Assembly High-Level Meeting on HIV between 8-10 June.

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

The Union for HIV Prevention and Harm Reduction is a nongovernmental organization located in Balti, in the Republic of Moldova. It provides integrated services to people who use drugs and other affected populations throughout the north of the country.

Each year, more than 3000 people benefit from its services, which including mobile testing for HIV, sexually transmitted infections and hepatitis, harm reduction services, including a needle–syringe programme, the distribution of condoms and psychological and social support. The organization’s outreach and medical workers work closely with state clinics and hospital departments that offer opioid substitution therapy to people who use drugs.

However, the organization has faced a long-time logistical problem with regard to the collection of used needles and syringes generated by the harm reduction programme. Medical waste disposal in the Republic of Moldova, especially in the north of the country, is problematic. Ala Iatco, the nongovernmental organization’s head, explained that destruction of used equipment was only possible by contracting medical institutions to do the work and that the union had to send boxes with contaminated waste to Chisinau, the capital of the country.

“For the approximately 20 years of the harm reduction programme in the country, this problem was always present and solved through burning needles and syringes or other non-environmentally-friendly ways. We had to find a solution to increase the effectiveness of the comprehensive package of services and enhance the safety and security of personnel and volunteers while operating the needle–syringe programme,” said Svetlana Plamadela, UNAIDS Country Manager for the Republic of Moldova.

The UNAIDS Country Office for the Republic of Moldova, together with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the union, came together and suggested a solution. In July 2017, specialized modern medical waste management equipment was procured from the Russian Federation and installed within a Union for HIV Prevention and Harm Reduction facility. The total cost of US$ 23 000 was funded with resources from the One UN Joint Action to Strengthen Human Rights in the Transnistrian Region of the Republic of Moldova project, financed with the support of the Swedish Embassy and co-funded by the Center for Health Policies and Studies (PAS Center), which is a Principal Recipient of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

“The availability of the one-stop disposal system provided by the needle smelters and syringe cutters significantly reduces the risk of accidental exposure and contamination with bloodborne diseases by the volunteers and medical personnel,” added Ms Plamadela.

So far, three organizations—the Union for HIV Prevention and Harm Reduction, Young Women Cernoleuca and Adolescent!—have benefited from the needle–syringe destruction equipment. Partner organizations usually make monthly shipments of needles and syringes for destruction, which are collected by field workers in eco-boxes.

According to Ms Iatco, the equipment is easy to use and maintain. “The machine transforms the contaminated syringes and needles into biologically safe waste. We save almost 50% of the cost of destruction. And, most importantly, we face much fewer risks as we avoid transportation, storage and transfer of hazardous material. For our organization, located in a remote area where no such equipment is available in medical institutions, it’s a cost-effective and less risky solution,” she said.

The needle–syringe programme in the Republic of Moldova started in 1999. Its main goal is to prevent the transmission of HIV and other infections among people who inject drugs by avoiding the sharing of injecting equipment and ensuring enhanced access to health-care services and psychosocial support. The programme also aims to curb the sexual transmission of HIV among people who inject drugs and their sexual partners by promoting the use of condoms and raising awareness about the link between drug use and risky sexual behaviours.

Winnie Byanyima, the UNAIDS Executive Director, recently visited the Hakahana Clinic in Katutura, Windhoek, Namibia, where she saw the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored and Safe (DREAMS) project in action, a project funded by the United States of America. The clinic is a government health facility and a DREAMS participating clinic that has provided health services to 10–24-year-old adolescent girls and young women since September 2020.

Together with the United States Ambassador, Lisa Johnson, and the Executive Director of the Namibian Ministry of Health and Social Services, Ben Nangombe, Ms Byanyima met with DREAMS girls and community care workers at the facility.

“I am very impressed by the confidence and optimism the young women express as a result of the support they receive through the DREAMS programme,” said Ms Johnson.

The DREAMS project seeks to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women in Namibia and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2019, there were 1400 new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years in Namibia—more than double the number of HIV infections among their male peers. It is therefore critical that the HIV response continues to gain momentum.

DREAMS uses a core package of evidence-informed, multisectoral interventions that are proven to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women. This includes empowering them with social protection, safe spaces, education and economic skills and with access to family planning and sexual and reproductive health services.

“The knowledge I learnt from DREAMS has taught me about making the right decision. I feel empowered,” said Johanna Shinana, a DREAMS Ambassador.

DREAMS is implemented in five districts in three regions of Namibia and the Hakahana Clinic provides eight safe spaces for young women mostly between the ages of 19 and 24 years.

Ms Byanyima, together with Sheila Roseau, the Country Representative of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Aina Heita, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization National Programme Officer for HIV/AIDS, and Thomas Ukola, the Deputy Director at the Directorate of Special Programmes within the Ministry of Health and Social Services, also visited the Namibia Planned Parenthood Association (NAPPA) clinic, which is also in Katutura.

NAPPA is a welfare organization established in 1996 to complement the Ministry of Health and Social Services to provide sexual and reproductive health services and information to young people aged 15‒24 years and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people from the marginalized and underserved area around Katutura.

“I encourage young people to take advantage of the services that are offered for them and encourage others to take up these services,” said Ms Byanyima while she was at the NAPPA clinic.

Ms Byanyima was introduced to the Condomise Campaign at the clinic. The campaign, supported by UNFPA, is led by young people and provides young people with key messages on sexual and reproductive health and rights, HIV and skills on how to use condoms correctly.  

Klaivert Muandingi, the President of the African Youth and Adolescents Network in Namibia, called on young people to be free in accessing condoms and other commodities. “Condomize, do not compromise. Love smart and play safe,” he said.

The Gboklè/Nawa/San Pedro region is the second largest economic hub in Côte d’Ivoire and one of the regions most affected by the HIV epidemic. The region attracts many workers because of its important economic and industrial activities, mainly related to the port and agriculture, as well as sex workers and other members of key populations.

A joint United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/UNAIDS mission to the region from 16 to 20 April learned about the realities of the HIV response in the region in the context of COVID-19 and assessed how the response takes into account the needs of the most vulnerable.

The mission first paid a courtesy call on the region’s administrative and health authorities, and then quickly focused on the sites where services are offered to people living with HIV and key populations. In the health-care facilities visited, whether at the Regional Hospital of San Pedro, above, or at the health centre of APROSAM (Association pour la Promotion de la Santé de la Femme, de la Mère et de l’Enfant) nongovernmental organization, the mission team saw the commitment and determination of the health-care teams and the administrations of the facilities. “We have set up a quality assurance team within the hospital to guarantee services centred on the needs of each patient,” said Alexandre Kissiedou, the Director of the Regional Hospital of San Pedro.

The visit to APROSAM was one of the most captivating moments of the mission. During the visit, the mission team had in-depth discussions with representatives of a dozen associations, who had come to APROSAM’s headquarters to meet the mission delegation. Useful discussions took place with representatives of associations of people living with HIV and associations representing key populations, as well as with representatives of nongovernmental organizations working with young people.

“It is the first time that civil society is honoured with the visit of the country representatives of two United Nations agencies,” said Odette Koffi, the Executive Director of APROSAM, an association involved in the response to HIV, tuberculosis and malaria in the region. She also noted that civil society is truly committed to the HIV response but lacks the means to meet the needs of all.

“Income-generating activities are no longer working as they used to. Today we can’t even feed ourselves properly and we can’t take antiretroviral medicines on an empty stomach,” said Maya Rose Nean, the head of the local CERBAS association for women living with HIV, when describing how COVID-19 had impacted women living with HIV in the country.

Brigitte Quenum, the UNAIDS Country Director for Côte d’Ivoire, speaking on behalf of the delegation, underlined the vital work of nongovernmental organizations in the HIV response and praised the commitment of civil society organizations, people living with HIV and key populations. She said that a dialogue between UNDP and UNAIDS will address some of the pressing needs discussed with civil society. A donation of 400 food and hygiene kits was made by UNDP and UNAIDS to vulnerable people living with HIV and key populations.

The last day of the mission focused on human rights, with a visit to the Elan d’Amour reception centre, above, which offers temporary accommodation to people living with HIV and people who are victims of stigma, discrimination and gender-based violence, including people who come from remote areas for care and/or to collect their antiretroviral therapy. The delegation then visited a legal clinic supported by UNDP. These visits allowed the delegation to get a good understanding of the realities of human rights in the region, but also to understand their implications for specific HIV-related vulnerabilities. As a result of these two visits, the two agencies agreed to consider a joint project to better address HIV and human rights issues in the region.

For both teams, this mission was a success. The various needs identified will be the subject of concerted action either between UNDP and UNAIDS or by working with other Cosponsors that can provide relevant solutions.

Brigitte Quenum, the UNAIDS Country Director for Côte d’Ivoire, above left, met with the Prefect of the San Pedro department. 

Disruption to HIV services as high as 75% has been reported in some countries—to prevent increased AIDS-related deaths, HIV services must continue during the COVID-19 pandemic

GENEVA, 13 April 2021—UNAIDS and the World Health Organization (WHO) have supported mathematical modelling to establish the benefits of continuing HIV services compared to the potential harm of additional COVID-19 transmission. The analysis shows that maintaining HIV services would avert between 19 and 146 AIDS-related deaths per 10 000 people over a 50-year time horizon, while the additional COVID-19-related deaths from exposures related to HIV services would be 0.002 to 0.15 per 10 000 people. The analysis demonstrates that the benefits of continuing to provide HIV services during the COVID-19 pandemic far outweigh the risk of additional COVID-19-related deaths.

“The world should make investments now that don’t leave it with such stark trade-offs in the future,” said Peter Ghys, Director, Strategic Information and Evaluation, UNAIDS. “We need to build robust future systems for health that recognize community-led contributions as part and parcel of a resilient system, not as an afterthought.”

The analysis looked at disruptions to four key HIV services: voluntary medical male circumcision, HIV diagnostic testing, viral load testing and programmes to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. It compared COVID-19 deaths in 2020 and 2021 among health workers and clients due to keeping HIV services open with averted AIDS-related deaths occurring now and over the next 50 years due to maintenance of services. The models were applied to countries with a range of HIV and COVID-19 epidemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruption to health services, with restrictions in population movements and health services suspended or limited in many countries. The analysis shows that the potential harm of additional COVID-19 transmission occurring in HIV health services needs to be carefully balanced against the benefits of those services, which, the analysis shows, include fewer AIDS-related deaths. These results may seem intuitive, but it is important to realize that some services have been closed to protect people living with HIV from exposure to COVID-19 and its potential lethal outcomes. However, the risk of not keeping those essential HIV services open entails a greater overall risk of death related to lack of prevention of HIV, access to diagnosis and eventual treatment—these trade-offs are unacceptable.

While there is some additional short-term risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with providing HIV services, the risk of additional COVID-19 deaths is at least 100 times less than the AIDS-related deaths averted by continuing those services. Additional effort to encourage health-care seeking for HIV services during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may be needed.

“Ministries of health take into account many factors in deciding when and how to offer essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Meg Doherty, Director of WHO’s Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes. “This work shows that taking the longer view, the benefits of continuing key HIV services are far larger than the risks of additional COVID-19 transmission; innovative and safe delivery of services must continue as the pandemic is brought under control.”

The full analysis can be found on medrxiv at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.01.21252663

UNAIDS

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11 UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank—and works closely with global and national partners towards ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Learn more at unaids.org and connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

Globally, the number of people living with HIV who died from tuberculosis (TB), a curable and preventable disease, has fallen from almost 600 000 deaths in 2010 to just over 200 000 in 2019, a fall of 63%. In 2016, a global target was set by the United Nations to reduce TB deaths among people living with HIV by 75% between 2010 and 2020. Nine countries (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Malawi, South Africa, Sudan, Thailand and Togo) achieved or exceeded the global target by the end of 2019, one year ahead of schedule.

Further progress towards the global targets has been made in making TB preventive treatment more available to people living with HIV. TB preventive treatment greatly reduces their risk of falling ill and dying from TB. In just two years—2018 and 2019—5.3 million people living with HIV received life-saving TB preventive treatment. That is already 88% of the 6 million target set for 2022 in the 2018 United Nations Political Declaration to End TB.

While progress in some countries is to be applauded, these successes mask the many inequalities and gaps that remain in providing the best integrated care for people living with HIV and TB. These gaps resulted in an estimated 208 000 preventable TB-related AIDS deaths in 2019—about one in three AIDS-related deaths.

“One of the greatest disparities in the global response to HIV and TB is in reaching children,” said Shannon Hader, UNAIDS Deputy Executive Director for Programme. “Much better tools to prevent, diagnose and treat TB and drug-resistant TB for young children are now available, but they are still not enough. Too many children are still not being reached with these new tools. Some health-care workers lack the confidence to manage TB among children living with HIV and, for fear of causing harm and a desire to be protective, they don’t always act. Children are being “protected to death”. We need to build confidence to manage TB and HIV in young children and reach transformational goals.”

TB is especially difficult to diagnose among the youngest infants and children living with HIV—those less than two years of age. The most severe forms of TB—disseminated TB and TB meningitis—are common among this age group and they are life-threatening without prompt diagnosis and treatment. Major advances have been made in improving TB diagnosis for children. Child-friendly medicines for the treatment and prevention of TB are available at low cost from the Stop TB Partnership Global Drug Facility. The challenge is to take these innovations to the scale and quality needed to reach all children living with HIV in need.

The Rome Paediatric HIV & TB Action Plan, part of the UNAIDS and United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Faith Initiative, is closing the gaps for children living with HIV. It is a unique multistakeholder partnership that has stimulated unprecedented collaboration among the faith community, private sector, regulators, donors and others to accelerate the development and implementation of better diagnostic tests, preventive measure and treatments for HIV and TB among children living with HIV.

In 2019, less than half (49%) of the estimated 815 000 people living with HIV who also have TB disease were reported to be receiving both HIV treatment and TB treatment. This demonstrates that large gaps remain in screening, testing and treatment for both HIV and TB. To address this, national programmes need to go beyond traditional health facilities to find the missing millions of people who are still in need of treatment for HIV, TB or both. An integrated, community-based and person-centred approach is needed. Multidisease family and community screening for TB, HIV, COVID-19, high blood pressure, diabetes and other common conditions can be de-stigmatizing and can reduce costs for programmes and people. It is critical to encourage all people recently diagnosed with HIV, TB or COVID-19 to allow confidential screening of their family, household and community contacts, including children and young people.

Already, the clock is ticking for us to reach the ambitious new 2025 targets for TB and HIV laid out in the new global AIDS strategy for 2021–2026. Achieving these targets will place the world back on track to end AIDS and TB by 2030. A collaborative and integrated response to the pandemics of TB, HIV and COVID-19 is needed. The response must be rooted in affected communities and centred on the needs of the most affected people. Addressing the inequalities that drive TB and HIV will help to close the “deadly divide” between global commitments and the lived reality of TB- and HIV-affected communities. By ending inequalities, we can stop adults, young people and children living with HIV from dying of TB.

All (100%) of people living with HIV newly started on antiretroviral therapy should receive either tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (blue bar) or TB treatment (orange bar)—together, they represent “optimal TB care”. The green bar shows the percentage of people newly started on antiretroviral therapy who did not receive optimal TB care and are vulnerable to falling ill or dying from TB.

All people living with HIV who are newly enrolled on antiretroviral therapy should receive “optimal TB care”—either TB preventive treatment or TB treatment. Since 2012, the World Health Organization has recommended that all people newly diagnosed with HIV should be screened for TB. If they do not any have symptoms of TB (cough, coughing up blood, fever, night sweats, weight loss, chest pain, shortness of breath or fatigue) they should receive TB preventive treatment. If they have any TB symptoms, they should be fully investigated for TB disease. If they are found to have TB disease, they should be started on TB treatment immediately. If there is no evidence of TB disease, they should be started on TB preventive treatment.

TB is the commonest cause of hospitalization and death among people living with HIV. In 2019, TB was responsible for 208 000 (30%) AIDS-related deaths. Yet, TB is curable and preventable. TB preventive treatment reduces the risk of developing TB disease and can reduce deaths among people living with HIV by almost 40%. Without treatment, a person living with HIV who has TB disease is likely to die.