UNFPA The United Nations Population Fund

A version of this story has been published at unfpa.org

UNFPA Executive Director Thoraya Obaid (centre) with midwives whose key role in maternal health has been highlighted throughout the Women Deliver conference. Credit: Moises Saman

UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, and CARE International, one of the world’s largest humanitarian aid agencies, have announced an agreement to enhance collaboration on maternal health programmes in more than 25 countries. This move, launched at the Women Deliver conference in Washington DC, will bring together UNFPA’s effective work with national governments and CARE’s expertise in engaging local communities.

"No woman should die giving life. Through collaboration we can make a bigger impact to improve the health of women and girls. UNFPA partners with governments, other UN agencies and civil society to advance the health and rights of women and girls, and we welcome this new partnership with CARE," said Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive Director of UNFPA, when signing the agreement at the conference in Washington, DC.

A key element of promoting maternal health is mounting an effective challenge to HIV as, according to a recent World Health Organization report, AIDS-related illness is the leading cause of death and disease among women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries.

Through the Mothers Matter Programme, CARE aims to reduce maternal death by improving access to safe pregnancy and delivery services for 30 million women by 2015. Similar to the work of UNFPA, this signature programme will focus on family planning, skilled attendance at birth and emergency obstetric care within the context of a functioning health system. The Mothers Matter strategy aims to empower communities and civil society organizations to advocate for, and participate in, improved maternal health care; to mobilise local governments and civil society to ensure access to responsive health systems; and to promote supportive policy action while advocating internationally for greater global commitment and investment of resources.

(from left) Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, UNFPA’s Executive Director; President Joseph Kabila of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; and Michel Sidibé, UNAIDS’ Executive Director. 10 May 2010 Credit: UNFPA

President Joseph Kabila of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has pledged to promote the emergence an AIDS-Free Generation, to ensure safer motherhood and to eliminate mother-child-transmission of HIV in his country.

“These are priorities for the women and children of my country,” President Kabila said as he received a joint mission to his nation by Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, UNFPA’s Executive Director, and Michel Sidibé, UNAIDS’ Executive Director.

“I will lead in ensuring an AIDS-Free Generation in DRC,” the President added, expressing his commitment to launch a national initiative to reverse the AIDS epidemic.

The Executive Directors thanked President Kabila for his readiness to make safe motherhood and an AIDS-Free Generation priorities not only in his country, but also in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union.

UNFPA’s Ms. Obaid highlighted the links between women’s health, reproductive health and HIV: “By integrating HIV services for maternal and child health with general sexual and reproductive health, the Democratic Republic of the Congo will reap great benefits for the health system.” She urged the country to seize the opportunity offered by the Campaign for the Accelerated Reduction of Maternal Mortality in Africa (CARMMA) to launch the President’s initiative for an AIDS-Free Generation.

UNAIDS’ Mr. Sidibé welcomed President Kabila’s decision to use his leadership as Chair of the SADC to rally his peers across Africa to support this urgent agenda. “Mr. President – you have the unique opportunity to restore the health and dignity of mothers, sisters and daughters in DRC and beyond.”

The Executive Directors stressed the need to take AIDS out of isolation and integrate it with related health interventions for the most effective outcomes. They called the virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission by 2015 a concrete but achievable goal.

Currently, more than 40,000 infants are born with HIV infection every year in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Only 2 per cent of pregnant women have access to services to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and only 8 per cent of pregnant of women are offered HIV testing and counselling.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the six countries in the world that together account for 50 per cent of the world’s maternal deaths. Each hour, maternal death takes the lives of about four women.

During their joint mission, the Executive Directors are also scheduled to meet with the Prime Minister, other Government officials, parliamentarians and civil society representatives, including people living with HIV.

A version of this story is published at www.unfpa.org

During a high-level panel on the opening day of the 54th Commission on the Status of Women, UNFPA Executive Director Thoraya A. Obaid, speaking on behalf of the United Nations, called attention to the links between the right to sexual and reproductive health and women's empowerment, gender equality and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

Throughout the first two weeks of March, the 54th Commission on the Status of Women will conduct a 15-year review of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. This Platform, which emerged from the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, reinforced the importance of women's rights and empowerment as established a year earlier in Cairo. It called for action on 12 key issues: poverty, education and training, health, violence against women (one of UNAIDS nine priority areas), armed conflict, economy, power and decision-making, institutional mechanisms, human rights, media, environment and girls.

The commission will emphasise the sharing of best practices as well as discussion of obstacles and gaps, especially those related to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, whose tenth year review will take place in September. The synergy among the three development platforms has been articulated by UNFPA Executive Director in a statement she has issued to mark International Women’s Day 2010 (8 March).

“In 1994, at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), leaders declared for the first time that reproductive health and rights are fundamental to women’s empowerment, gender equality and sustainable development. And fifteen years ago, at the Fourth World Conference on Women, world leaders agreed on a platform for action for equality, development and peace.

“Today many of these agreements are reflected in the Millennium Development Goals to which world leaders have agreed, to reduce poverty and put our world on a more sustainable path…With ideas spreading faster than ever, here is an idea whose time has come: We stand a better chance of solving the world’s problems if men and women join together as equal partners in finding innovative solutions.”

At the commission, UNFPA is participating in several side events on sexual and reproductive health rights, HIV, violence against women, peace and security, the role of men and boys as partners for gender equality, and female migration. The Fund is also releasing a review of its contributions to the Beijing commitments, Beijing at Fifteen: UNFPA and Partners Charting the Way Forward (2010).

Another initiative to promote the idea of gender equality and empowerment of women during 2010 is a special radio/audio series on gender equality and the empowerment of women with a focus on young woman and adolescent girls. The programmes, being produced by UN Radio with support from UNFPA, will explore the challenges facing young adolescent girls, as well as their dreams for the future. Additional activities throughout the year will call attention to the Beijing Platform and its links to the International Conference on Population and Development and the Millennium Development Goals

A version of this story was first published at www.unfpa.org

This portrait of father and son from El Salvador is one of 38 images depicting positive images in the “Influential Men photography exhibit”
Credit: David Isaksson

It should have been one of the happiest nights of their lives. A young soldier and his new wife were alone for the first time on their wedding night. Much to the husband’s surprise, there was no blood after they consummated the marriage. They knew the kind of danger this result could bring if anyone found out. Elder women from the village would want to see the sheets, and if there was no blood, the young bride could be hurt, or even killed, for tarnishing her family’s honour.

But several months earlier, the soldier had participated in a training session on sexual and reproductive health, gender equality and the prevention of gender-based violence. He learned that a woman can be a virgin and not bleed during intercourse, and that there may be more to a woman’s honour than her virginity. The soldier cut his finger and let it bleed onto the sheets to save his wife from danger.

The soldier reported this story to the trainers, and it trickled up to the leadership in the Ministry of Health, the Turkish Armed Forces and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). It has stayed with them as a reminder that just one day of education can change – and perhaps save – a person’s life.

Comprehensive training on reproductive health for the Turkish Armed Forces is one of the programmes described in the new publication, Partnering with men to end gender-based violence
Credit Nezih Tavlas

The training session was part of an ambitious effort to educate every young man in Turkey on the importance of sexual and reproductive health, gender equality and the prevention of gender-based violence. It was organized by UNFPA, in partnership with the Ministry of Health and the Turkish Armed Forces.

With no formal curriculum in schools on sexual health, the training was the first time many soldiers learned how to use a condom or gave thought to gender-based violence. To date, 3 million men have been trained, and the project has been made permanent by a decree from the Turkish Armed Forces. Many of the soldiers say the training changed their beliefs about a woman’s right to make her own choices and to live free from violence.

The story is from one of five case studies featured in a new UNFPA publication, Partnering with Men to End Gender-based Violence: Practices that work from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Other studies document experience in working with non-governmental organisations in the Ukraine, communities in Armenia, institutions in Romania and police officers in Turkey. The studies provide a step-by-step analysis of how projects to address gender-based violence were carried out and the process through which they were implemented.

“If there is one key lesson to be learned from these case studies, it is the value of partnership between men and women,” says Thea Fierens, UNFPA regional director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. “It is not women or men working alone to end gender-based violence that yields the best results. Rather, it is the partnerships between them that have the greatest impact and reach. Each case study, in its own way, exemplifies this point, and provides a portal – even if only a small one – into what a world free from violence would look like.”

For UNAIDS stopping violence against women and girls is an issue of major concern and has been highlighted as one of nine priority areas outlined in the UNAIDS Outcome Framework 2009-11.

Alongside the featured publication, UNFPA has commissioned an exhibition of photographs, entitled ‘Influential men’, which highlights the power of positive male role models. It aims to raise awareness of the importance of including and engaging men and boys in creating a world in which every individual is treated with dignity and respect.

Click here to view a photo gallery of the exhibition.

(From L to R) Mark Richmond, UNESCO’s Global Coordinator on HIV and AIDS, Dr Mariangela Batista Galvao Simao, Director, Brazil National STD/AIDS Programme, Michel Sidibé, UNAIDS Executive Director, Elizabeth Mataka, member of the Global Advisory Group on Sexuality Education and the UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for AIDS in Africa and Marijke Wijnroks, the AIDS ambassador for the Netherlands
Credit: UNAIDS/D.Bregnard

In many parts of the world, a combination of social taboos, unavailability of sound information, lack of resources and infrastructure make it difficult for children and young people to access sexuality education aimed at improving knowledge and reducing risk. This leaves many young people vulnerable to coercion, abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.

According to the UNAIDS 2008 Global Report on the AIDS Epidemic, only 40% of young people aged 15-24 had accurate knowledge about HIV and transmission. It should come as no surprise that, against this background of insufficient levels of basic knowledge, young people aged 15-24 account for 40% of all new HIV infections (UNAIDS 2009 AIDS Epidemic Update).

In response to this challenge, the voluntary and non-mandatory International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education developed by UNESCO in partnership with UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO seeks to assist education, health and other relevant authorities to develop and implement school-based sexuality education materials and programmes. The International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education is based on a rigorous review of evidence on sexuality education programmes and is aimed at education and health sector decision-makers and professionals.

Sexuality education can play a key role in improving knowledge and reducing sexual risk behaviours among young people. Equipped with better knowledge, information and skills, young people can be empowered to make informed decisions about sexual choices.

“If we are to make an impact on children and young people before they become sexually active, comprehensive sexuality education must become part of the formal school curriculum, delivered by well trained and supported teachers,” says Michel Sidibé, UNAIDS Executive Director. “Teachers remain trusted sources of knowledge and skills in all education systems and they are a highly valued resource in the education sector response to AIDS.”

The International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education was co-authored by leading experts in the field of sexuality education and subjected to extensive review and comment by a global panel of experts and practitioners from civil society organizations, ministries of education and international agencies. Volume I of the International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education focuses on the rationale for sexuality education and provides sound technical advice on characteristics of effective programmes. It is the outcome of a rigorous review of the literature on the impact of sexuality education and sexual behaviour, drawing upon 87 studies from around the world.

A companion document (Volume II) focuses on the topics and learning objectives to be covered in a ‘basic minimum package’ on sexuality education for children and young people from 5 to 18+ years of age and includes a bibliography of useful resources. It was informed by a review of curricula from 12 countries, as well as other international models.

“Numerous studies show that with the right information and skills, young people can change their behaviour to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection or passing it on to others,” says Mark Richmond, UNESCO’s Global Coordinator on HIV and AIDS and the Director for the Division for the Coordination of UN Priorities in Education. “At a minimum, HIV and AIDS education needs to include information on the HIV virus and its modes of transmission. At some point, HIV and AIDS education must introduce sex and relationships education - simply because over 75% of all HIV infections occur through sexual transmission.”

The UN organizations called on policy-makers to listen to young people, families, teachers and other practitioners, and use the International Technical Guidance to make sexuality education an integral part of the national response to the HIV pandemic.

UNESCO and its partners including UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO, as well as a wide range of other partners, will support governments in operationalising the International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education at regional and country level. The two volumes of the International Technical Guidance will be published in all the six UN languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish) as well as Portuguese.

State of the Worlds Population, 2009
Credit: UNFPA

The success of the global response to AIDS will rely on tackling not only the encroaching virus itself but also the affects of climate change such as food and water shortages, growth in poverty and an increase in natural disasters, argues the State of World Population 2009, released today by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

The report also contends that, equally, strengthening the response to the AIDS epidemic will mean that individuals, communities and societies will have greater social resilience in the face of a range of climate change threats and will be better able to deal with their consequences. HIV and climate change are perceived as profoundly linked, a perception shared by a range of UN bodies, including UNAIDS and the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP.

Subtitled, ‘Facing a changing world: women population and climate’, The State of World Population places women at the very centre of the attempt to confront climate change and maintains that policies, programmes and interventions are more likely to mitigate its worst effects if they reflect the rights and needs of women.

Women are said to bear the brunt of climate change, partly because in many countries they make up the majority of the agricultural workforce hard hit in an environmental crisis, and because they often do not have sufficient control of their lives and access to as many opportunities to generate income as men – they are more likely to be poor and to see their poverty increase. As UNFPA Executive Director Thoraya Ahmed Obaid has it, “Poor women in poor countries are among the hardest hit by climate change, even though they contributed the least to it.”

Numerous examples of extreme climate change are cited, from melting glaciers in Bolivia, to the destruction of crops by typhoons in the Philippines, and from drought in east and southern Africa to floods in Vietnam. In each scenario, women are shown struggling to keep their livelihoods and families intact, and, in some cases, fighting for their lives.

According to the report, empowering women and girls, especially through investments in health and education, help boost economic development and reduce poverty, thus having a beneficial impact on coping with climate change. Girls with more education are more likely to protect themselves against HIV and to have smaller and healthier families as adults. In general, access to reproductive health services such as family planning means lower fertility rates and this has a clear bearing on lessening the potential impact of environmental crises and making sustainable development more likely.

“Women should be part of any agreement on climate change—not as an afterthought or because it’s politically correct, but because it’s the right thing to do,” says Ms Obaid. “Our future as humanity depends on unleashing the full potential of all human beings, and the full capacity of women, to bring about change.”

The State of World Population 2009 argues that ensuring gender inequity is challenged in all its facets is an urgent necessity, not just to improve the lives of individual women but to stave off the worst consequences of environmental crisis. This sense of urgency is relayed to the leaders and negotiators due to meet in Copenhagen for December’s critical climate change conference. They are urged to “think creatively” not just about emissions and targets but about population, reproductive health and gender equality and how they can contribute to “a just and environmentally sustainable world.”

When AIDS first emerged in the 1980s, it mainly affected men. Today, according to UNAIDS figures, women account for about half of the 33 million people living with HIV worldwide, and 60 per cent of those infected in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these women acquired the virus through heterosexual intercourse, often through unprotected sex with their husbands or long-term primary partners.

“Women think marriage is a safe haven,” says Beauty Nyamwanza of Zimbabwe’s National AIDS Council. “They think that when you’re married, you don’t have to worry about HIV.”

But what the AIDS-prevention team in the country found out is that marriage can actually increase the risk of HIV among young women. According to research carried out in Kenya and Zambia in 2004 , marriage increases the frequency of sex and hinders a woman’s ability to negotiate condom use or abstain from sex. Married women are often afraid to ask their husbands to use a condom – or to use one themselves – since this implies that they suspect their husbands of infidelity.

Thanks to the efforts of Ms Nyamwanza and others, Zimbabwe is one of a handful of countries that has taken advantage of the female condom and made major inroads in promoting its use. The latest device, the FC2, is a strong, flexible, nitrile sheath, about 17 centimetres (6.7 inches) long, with a flexible ring at each end. The closed end is inserted into the woman’s body, and the open end remains outside during intercourse. Like the male condom, it offers dual protection against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. But it has one critical advantage: it is the only available technology for HIV prevention that women can initiate and control.

Condom promoters in Zimbabwe suggest that married women can present the female condom as a means of child spacing. In this way, the issue of a woman appearing to accuse her husband of having other partners and putting her at risk need not arise.

Building support

Zimbabwe introduced the female condom in 1997, but acceptance was slow. Eventually, the Government requested support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to scale up promotion of both male and female condoms through the public sector. Beyond training condom promoters, highly creative ways to educate the public about condom use were employed. Billboards, radio spots and TV commercials helped break down taboos against talking about condoms, and thus helped overcome the stigma sometimes associated with them. In the process of implementing the strategy, the team – which included the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council, the National AIDS Council and Population Services International (PSI) – discovered that the female condom can be a tool for empowerment, enabling women and adolescent girls to take the initiative in protecting their own reproductive health and that of their partners.

From 2005, when the strategy was launched, to 2008, female condom distribution by the public sector in Zimbabwe increased five-fold, from about 400,000 to more than two million. Sales of female condoms through social marketing rose from some 900,000 to more than 3 million, and sales of male condoms also increased.

Involving men

One person who has seen the change coming is Langton Ziromba. He owns a small, outdoor barbershop in the Budirio section of Harare. In addition to haircuts, shaves and chats about football and women, Mr Ziromba provides another service to his male customers: information about female condoms, how they are used, and the advantages to both partners. He is one of about 70 barbers and 2,000 hairdressers in Zimbabwe who have been trained to promote the female condom. He sells Zimbabwe’s most popular brand, called Care, and makes a small commission on the highly subsidised price.

“Our research shows that for this product to be accepted and used by women, we also need to involve men,” says Margaret Butau of the National Family Planning Council. “We customise the benefits of the female condom according to the target group we are addressing.” Specific points highlighted for men include the fact that the female condom is not constricting like the male condom, it is even less prone to breakage, its use does not require an erection and it can enhance pleasure for both partners. Moreover, it is not necessary to withdraw immediately after ejaculation. And, finally, it could be seen as the woman’s responsibility. “When we point all this out, we find that men become curious about having their partners try the product.”

Providing a model for other countries

The Zimbabwe campaign created by PSI that uses hairdressers to market condoms has served as a model for a similar programme in Malawi. Some 2,400 Malawian hairdressers now sell, and serve as advocates for, the female condom in the country. Their numbers are growing as word spreads. Sandra Mapemba, a national programme officer in the UNFPA office in Malawi, says the impact has been dramatic. “The female condom is actually empowering women to become more assertive and to stand up for their own health issues,” she says. “That’s the most exciting thing for me. Women who are in discordant relationships or women who are HIV-positive come and tell me that now they can actually insist on condom use. Before, their partners would refuse.”

The response has been so positive that UNFPA Malawi is now providing training in condom programming to some 35 international and local NGOs working on HIV-prevention in the country. Over the course of three years, female condom distribution through the public sector alone in Malawi increased from 124,000 in 2004-2005 to nearly a million in 2008.

Programming challenges persist

The success of UNFPA and its partners in promoting the female condom in Zimbabwe, Malawi and also in Zambia has prompted other countries to seek similar assistance. Though global distribution of female condoms nearly tripled from 2004 to 2008 – to a total of 33 million in 90 countries – they still represent only 0.2 per cent of condom use worldwide. Key barriers are cost and availability. Not only are female condoms more expensive than male condoms – they cost as much as $1 per unit in some countries – they are still far less widely available. Through an initiative called comprehensive condom programming, UNFPA is helping countries address these and other issues. The programme is also a platform from which other female-initiated prevention technologies still in development, including cervical caps and microbicides, will be launched.

“Giving women the power to protect themselves could turn the tide of the AIDS epidemic,” says Bidia Deperthes, who leads the comprehensive condom programming initiative for UNFPA. “But we still have a long way to go.” The largest obstacle, in her view, is funding for programming. While the majority of donors willingly contribute essential commodities, including male and female condoms, little money is allocated to laying the groundwork needed to create awareness and demand, and to train women to use condoms correctly and consistently. “It’s all part of one comprehensive package.”

This article was adapted from an upcoming UNFPA publication “Prevention Gains Momentum: Successes in female condom programming”.

With arts and culture being pillars of the Jeux de la Francophonie, the Y-PEER network performed a dance and song written by its members about AIDS. Beirut, 28 September 2009. Credit: UNAIDS/Nabil

The UNFPA-supported Y-PEER initiative is a groundbreaking youth programme that raises HIV prevention awareness through street art, music and dance. UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé had the opportunity this week to attend a dance performance by the Youth Peer Education Network during the Jeux de la Francophonie.

With arts and culture being one of the two pillars of the Jeux de la Francophonie, the Y-PEER network performed a dance and song written specifically by its members for these games. The lyrics include HIV prevention messages in Arabic, French and English, with the dancers forming a large red ribbon of red fabric at the end of the routine.

“UNAIDS and our Cosponsors are committed to including young people’s leadership as an integral part of national responses including empowering young people to prevent sexual and other transmission of HIV infection among their peers,” said Mr Sidibé.

“This evening’s performance was inspiring, putting these goals into action with young people creatively participating in the AIDS response in their own terms,” said Mr Sidibé after the show. “Culture and creative expression are powerful tools for mobilizing people of all ages and I applaud the Y-PEER.”

UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé writes a message at the UNAIDS booth at Y-PEER event, Beirut, 28 September 2009. Credit: UNAIDS/Nabil

Y-PEER is a groundbreaking and comprehensive youth-to-youth initiative pioneered by UNFPA. The international network includes over 7000 young peer educators in Europe, Central Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East. The network has adopted an approach of “edutainment”—combining education and entertainment— to communicating HIV facts. Young people work together to raise awareness on sexual and reproductive health including the facts about sexually transmitted infection and HIV prevention.

The Lebanese Y-PEER network was launched in 2008 with the support of UNFPA and through 35 peer educators, the network has reached 1000 young people all over country in just three months.

With 7,400 new HIV infections daily worldwide and young people aged 15-24 accounting for 45% of these. 

The Jeux de la Francophonie brings together sport and culture to foster dialogue and understanding among French speaking nations. It will run in Beirut until 6 October, bringing together 70 countries from all over the world.

UNAIDS and cosponsors UNICEF, UNFPA and WHO have joined the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UNIFEM and private sector supporters through the Clinton Global Initiative to address the injustices and health impact of sexual violence against girls. The initiative, launched in New York by the partners, will focus on countries where sexual violence is a key initiation point for the spread of HIV and other infectious diseases.

Partners of the initiative will come together to conduct research in seven countries using the methodology piloted in Swaziland in 2007 by UNICEF and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

In collaboration with World Health Organization, UNICEF and CDC will use the survey results to develop a technical package of policy and social interventions, tailored individually for the countries in southern Africa, Asia and the Pacific regions.

 “While it is generally known that sexual violence against girls is a global problem, very limited data exist on the extent of this problem in the developing world. Obtaining valid data is a key step toward mobilizing policy and other positive interventions,” said Dr. Rodney Hammond, Director of the Division of Violence Prevention in CDC’s Injury Center.

“Sexual violence against children is a gross violation of their rights, a moral and ethical outrage and an assault on the world’s conscience,” said Ann M. Veneman, Executive Director of UNICEF. “Sexual abuse can lead to lost childhoods, abandoned education, physical and emotional problems, the spread of HIV, and an often irrevocable loss of dignity and self-esteem.”

“Sexual violence against girls increases their vulnerability to HIV infection and must be stopped,” said Michel Sidibé, UNAIDS, Executive Director. “AIDS responses must include programmes to stop sexual violence as an integral part of HIV prevention and treatment programmes.” 

2007 Swaziland survey

In 2007 CDC, UNICEF and several local institutions partnered to implement a national survey on violence against girls and young women in Swaziland. Swaziland has the highest prevalence of HIV among adults globally. The survey showed that approximately one-third of girls had a history of sexual violence.

This survey led to a series of policy and legislative interventions in the country, including establishment of the nation’s first Sexual Offenses Unit for children, and a push for legislation against domestic violence and sexual offences.

According to WHO, in 2002 approximately 150 million girls experienced some form of sexual violence. Research demonstrates that violence occurring early in life affects neurological and cognitive functioning, and triggers multiple negative impacts, including sexual disease transmission, drug and alcohol abuse and psychological distress.

Stopping violence against women and girls

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and UNICEF are the lead organizations in new this initiative, with partners including the CDC Foundation, the Nduna Foundation, Grupo ABC, WHO, UNAIDS, UNFPA and UNIFEM.

Stopping violence against women and girls is one of the nine priority areas of UNAIDS as described in the UNAIDS Outcome Framework (2009-2011). UNAIDS with its cosponsors will leverage the AIDS response as an opportunity to reduce sexual violence and support the initiative partners’ efforts to develop comprehensive responses to sexual violence and HIV prevention and treatment within and beyond the health sector. UNAIDS will provide funding to support this issue.

Clinton Global Initiative

The Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) has served as the central convening body for bringing together the lead organizations and key partners. CGI venues served as the critical link for engaging new partners and it has also served as the key forum for the steering committee overseeing this effort, and as a mobilizing force for raising public awareness and leadership commitment.

UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé has been in New York this week for a series of events and meetings.   

UNAIDS and its cosponsor UNFPA have been ranked as best performers in a recent assessment of four UN agencies, including UNDP and WHO, conducted by UK’s Department for International Development (DFID). As a result, both organizations will receive full additional funding to further support projects on the ground.

Announcing the results of the assessment, International Development Secretary Douglas Alexander underlined his firm commitment to rewarding results and reforms that make the UN more efficient and effective. The four agencies were assessed against a range of challenging targets and awarded an overall score which determined levels of additional funding.

UNAIDS has been allocated a 100% additional payment of £1.03 million. This is on top of the £10 million core funding the organization receives from the UK.

Joint action for results

The HIV organizational landscape has evolved and grown more complex over the past decade. UNAIDS, donors and civil society, including networks of people living with HIV, have rightly demanded greater clarity on the relationships between needs, financing, activities and outcomes.

In April 2009, UNAIDS and its cosponsors published the UNAIDS Outcome Framework 2009-2011 which, built upon the UNAIDS Strategic Framework (2007–2011), will guide future investment and hold the Secretariat and the Cosponsors accountable for making the resources of the UN work for results in countries. The framework affirms the UNAIDS Secretariat and Cosponsors to leverage their respective organizational mandates and resources to work collectively to deliver results.

Under the Outcome Framework for the period 2009–2011, UNAIDS will focus its efforts on achieving results in nine priority areas:

1. Reduce sexual transmission of HIV
2. Prevent mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected with HIV
3. Ensure that people living with HIV receive treatment
4. Prevent people living with HIV from dying of tuberculosis
5. Protect drug users from becoming infected with HIV
6. Remove punitive laws, policies, practices, stigma and discrimination that block effective responses to AIDS
7. Stop violence against women and girls
8. Empower young people to protect themselves from HIV
9. Enhance social protection for people affected by HIV

The realization of these priority areas will accelerate the achievement of universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support as well as contributing to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals.