Young people

Angola faces a considerable challenge of new HIV infections among young people. In 2020, there were 7000 new HIV infections among young people aged 15–24 years. One of the barriers to reducing new HIV infections among young people and ensuring treatment are restrictions on their ability to get tested to learn whether they have HIV.

As in several countries, young people under the age of 18 years cannot be tested for HIV without first asking their parents to consent to it. As young people often fear discussing HIV testing with parents, many decide instead to not seek testing, and so remain unaware of their HIV status, putting them at grave risk and negatively impacting public health efforts.

As part of efforts to remove these barriers, Angola received support from the Technical Support Mechanism, a UNAIDS managed, country-driven mechanism, funded by USAID, which supports countries to overcome HIV policy and programmatic challenges.

A review carried out by the Technical Support Mechanism assessed the alignment of Angolan laws, regulations and policies regarding age of consent to HIV testing and counselling with public health and human rights norms and standards and the extent to which they create barriers to access to services.

The review produced evidence that informed a recommendation for Angola to remove the legal barriers preventing young people, including young members of key populations, from accessing HIV and tuberculosis testing services. This would allow young people aged 14 years, and those below 14 years if they are sufficiently mature, to seek and access HIV testing and counselling without requiring them to ask their parents first. This will help to establish an enabling legal environment for early diagnosis of HIV. In turn, access to information and HIV services would reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission and contribute to a decrease in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths.

By enabling more young people to access HIV testing services, Angola will also be able to leverage resources from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to reach young members of key populations—a priority for achieving national HIV targets. Strategic learning from this experience could also provide valuable insight for similar technical support in eastern and southern Africa and in other regions.

“Ensuring that young people know their HIV status is vital. Rules that effectively bar many young people from accessing HIV testing by requiring parental consent delays them from knowing their HIV status and holds them back from accessing life-saving HIV services. The laws imposing an age of consent for HIV testing need to be removed in the interests of everyone’s health. This will save lives and help Angola end AIDS,” said Michel Kouakou, the UNAIDS Country Director for Angola.

The 2021 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Ending Inequalities and Getting on Track to End AIDS by 2030 reaffirmed the importance of leadership by young people in the HIV response.

The Global Network of Young People Living with HIV (Y+ Global) and The PACT are two innovative networks led by young people that have consistently proved the innovation and resourcefulness of young people in the HIV response. With support from UNAIDS, they are currently rolling out the #UPROOT Scorecard 2.0, a monitoring tool led by young people, in seven countries: Burundi, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, the Philippines, Uganda, Viet Nam and Zimbabwe.

This is the second phase of monitoring work led by young people, which started in 2017 with the #UPROOT Agenda. The scorecard process engages young people, bringing them together to assess how their country’s HIV response is working for them and if they are meeting the commitments on young people that are required to reach the 2025 HIV targets and achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Tinashe Grateful Rufurwadzo, the Director of Programmes, Management and Governance at Y+ Global, has been working closely with UNAIDS on the roll-out. “Equity, inclusion and solidarity are core principles in ensuring that we end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. The #Uproot Scorecards 2.0 will continue to strengthen youth-led monitoring at the country level, further harvesting evidence for advocacy and holding our governments accountable. There is a continued need to improve the quality of care that young people living with and affected by HIV in our diversity receive and to ensure that we are all leading happy, healthy and fulfilling lives. #UPROOT Scorecard 2.0 is a platform to raise our voices and secure our future!” he said.

Ekanem Itoro, Chair of The PACT, reiterated the need for data on young people. “It is extremely crucial in the global HIV response to strengthen adolescent and youth engagement using real-time data systems and interpersonal platforms in order to positively influence knowledge, attitudes and social and behaviour change, as well as to enhance social accountability of service providers and decision-makers towards improving the quality of life of young people living with HIV and other sexual minorities.”

Young people make up 16% of the world’s population but accounted for 27% of new HIV infections in 2020. Despite the disproportionate HIV burden on young people, they continue to face age-based discrimination and exclusion from sexual and reproductive health and rights, harm reduction and HIV services. Through the completion of the scorecards, The PACT and Y+ Global aim to generate accurate qualitative data for national and grass-roots organizations led by young people to hold their governments and service providers accountable for commitments made on the health and well-being of young people. This will help catalyse advocacy on identified national priorities to achieve the targets set out in the Political Declaration on AIDS and the Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026: End Inequalities, End AIDS.

“Leadership by young people has been recognized as key to achieving the global targets that have been set, and the generation of that data will be central to scaling up the already pivotal work of networks of young people around the world,” said Suki Beavers, Director of the UNAIDS Department for Gender Equality, Human Rights and Community Engagement.

UNAIDS will continue to partner with organizations led by young people to promote youth leadership in the HIV response.

“Young people here don’t regularly access HIV services. I really want to invite my friends to get tested, but they are all so afraid. They don’t have enough information or support from their families and are scared about finding out their status,” said Andika Bayu Aji, a young person from West Papua, Indonesia.

The HIV epidemic among young people in Asia and the Pacific has largely been overlooked, even though about a quarter of new HIV infections in the region are among people aged 15–24 years. The vast majority of young people affected by HIV in the region are members of vulnerable populations—people living with HIV, gay men and other men who have sex with men, transgender people, sex workers and people who inject drugs.

Like many countries in the region, Indonesia’s HIV infections among young people, which make up almost half of new infections, are attributed to stigma and discrimination, poor educational awareness of HIV, lack of youth-friendly services and social taboos.

“Young people far too often experience stigma and discrimination in health-care settings. Health-care workers are first-line responders. If the services are bad, young people won’t use them and they will tell other young people not to use them. We are limited by which clinics we can access because many, if not most, are not youth-friendly,” said Sepi Maulana Ardiansyah, who is known as Davi and is the National Coordinator for Inti Muda, the national network of young key populations in Indonesia.

A recent study conducted by Inti Muda and the University of Padjajaran found that the willingness of young people to access services in provinces like West Papua was very low, mainly due to the lack of youth-friendly services and the poor understanding of key population issues by health-care workers. Young people often face difficulty accessing services because of the remoteness of clinics and hospitals and encounter barriers such as the age of consent for testing.

Stigma and discrimination, and especially discrimination from health-care providers, discourages many young key populations from accessing HIV services. Concerns about privacy and confidentiality are some of the main challenges. Additional obstacles include that the opening hours of public clinics are often ill-suited to people’s daily routines, and the assumptions and attitudes of health-care workers can be judgemental, especially on issues around sexual orientation, gender identity and mental health.

Between 14 and 18 March, Inti Muda, with technical support from Youth LEAD and UNAIDS, organized a sensitization training of health-care workers in two cities, Sentani and Jayapura, in the West Papua region. More than 50 health-care workers participated. A few days before the training, Inti Muda organized a festival for more than 80 young people, joining in an effort to engage young people in the HIV response and generate demand for access to HIV services.

“Prior to this training, I didn’t know about the different needs of key populations, which hinders our ability to reach them. We learned about important techniques for reaching young people, such as providing youth-friendly counselling, digital interventions and encouraging them to get tested,” said Kristanti, from the District Health Office of Jayapura.

“I learned that the needs of young people are diverse. The training will allow us to improve our services to become youth-friendly, which is now our main priority,” added Hilda Rumboy, a midwife in charge of the HIV Services Department at the Waibhu Primary Health Centre.

The training and festival were supported by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). The recent investment of AU$ 9.65 million set aside by the Australian Government from the sixth replenishment of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund), including DFAT funding of AU$ 2 million previously committed to UNAIDS, is aimed at reducing the annual number of new HIV infections among key populations in Cambodia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines.

“Ensuring young people and vulnerable groups have access to accurate, digestible information about how to prevent HIV, and that testing facilities are cheap and accessible, is crucial to ending the AIDS epidemic. We are proud to work with local communities and UNAIDS to increase availability of information on HIV, improve the reach and quality of medical services and encourage young people and vulnerable groups to get tested,” said Simon Ernst, Acting Minister Counsellor for Governance and Human Development at the Australian Embassy in Indonesia.

The training is based on the manual developed by Youth LEAD in 2021, which was financially supported by the Global Fund’s Sustainability of HIV Services for Key Populations in Asia Programme and the UNAIDS Regional Support Team for Asia and the Pacific. Under the DFAT grant for the next two years, Youth LEAD will expand the training to two more countries, Cambodia and the Philippines, supporting networks led by young people in the respective countries to roll out the training.

“Young people still encounter many challenges that prevent them from accessing the life-saving health care they need. The UNAIDS Country Office for Indonesia is working closely with the UNAIDS regional support team and DFAT to ensure that networks led by young people have the capacity and leadership capabilities to take control of the HIV response and to have direct involvement in creating safe spaces where young people can access HIV services free from stigma and discrimination,” said Krittayawan Boonto, the UNAIDS Country Director for Indonesia.

Like any other regular day in Bangkok, Thailand, Pete went to work and was living a pretty normal life. He had a business that imported and exported fresh vegetables from neighbouring countries in South-East Asia, a family business that he shared with his sister. He was happy and in a serious long-term relationship with his boyfriend, and everything seemed perfect. That day, he and his partner went to get tested for HIV, and that’s when his life suddenly began to change.

“I found out about my HIV status in 2016 and soon after left my business because I didn’t know if I was going to live much longer. Without guidance and mental health support, I had many misconceptions about HIV, and I started to suffer from depression,” he said.

“I blamed myself for contracting HIV, and I couldn’t cope with this thought. I became a drug user, was engaging in chem sex, broke up with my partner and survived suicide attempts,” he continued. “But after receiving support from local organizations of people living with HIV, I decided to retake control of my life. I started to talk openly about HIV to help other young people live with a positive diagnosis. Even though this was never my plan, I knew I had to do it. That’s why I became an HIV activist,” he added.

Nowadays, Pete (famously known online as Pete Living with HIV) is a well-known HIV activist in Thailand and has come far since his diagnosis. He has spent the past few years building an online community for people living with HIV. In this safe space, people can connect and be comfortable enough to share their stories and experiences in an open environment free from stigma and discrimination. His Facebook group, which has strict membership requirements (for obvious reasons), has more than 1300 members.

“I created this space because I didn’t have a place to share my story. I wanted to create a platform where people living with HIV can be proud of themselves and be reminded they are not alone. No one deserves to be stigmatized, bullied, dehumanized or disrespected. Everyone deserves to be loved, respected and accepted,” he said.

In 2019, the country announced the Thailand Partnership for Zero Discrimination, which calls for intensified collaboration between the government and civil society to work on stigma and discrimination beyond health-care settings, including workplaces, the education system and the legal and justice system. UNAIDS has been involved since the outset of the initiative by providing technical assistance to formulate the zero discrimination strategy and the five-year action plan, develop a monitoring and evaluation plan and operationalize the strategy as a joint effort between the government and civil society.

Pete thinks this initiative is a cornerstone to ending the AIDS epidemic, as stigma and discrimination continues to be the main barrier to HIV services. “Although it has improved a lot over the years, I still experience stigma and discrimination when I go for regular sexually transmitted infection check-ups. I still receive judgement from nurses and doctors,” he said.

Pete has also become a passionate activist for, and speaks about the importance of, U = U (undetectable = untransmittable) at international forums and conferences. “U = U changed my life. I continue to fight for and promote U = U because its messages have the power to change the lives of people living with and affected by HIV. Still, more importantly, it can change social attitudes and tackle stigma and discrimination,” he said.

With U = U, HIV treatment has transformed the HIV prevention landscape. The message is clear and life-changing: by being on HIV treatment and having an undetectable viral load, people living with HIV cannot transmit HIV to their partners. The awareness that they can no longer transmit HIV sexually can provide people living with HIV with confidence and a strong sense of agency in their approach to new or existing relationships.

Pete launched a campaign in 2020 focusing on U = U and mental health advocacy. “Through my social media channels, I raise awareness about the importance of listening to people and their experiences and respecting them. U = U is key to helping people living with HIV overcome self-stigma and negative feelings like shame, which discourage them from accessing and/or remaining on treatment. U = U is encouraging; it can help remind people living with HIV to be proud of themselves,” he said.

Pete is now strengthening partnerships with national stakeholders and allies of the HIV response to ensure that messages related to U = U, HIV prevention and zero discrimination are amplified and reach different audiences. He is also a representative on a multisectoral task force to design and implement the People Living with HIV Stigma Index in Thailand, which will be conducted this year. He has supported the United Nations in Thailand on various campaigns, including the Everybody Deserves Love Valentine's Day campaign and the zero discrimination campaign, in which he is engaging young people from across Thailand. 

Sexual activity often starts during adolescence. Many countries have age of consent laws in relation to sexual activity that are inconsistent with minimum age laws for accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services without parental permission. This means that adolescents may legally have sex before they can legally access any information or services relating to safer sex practices or contraception, leaving them at greater risk of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy.

The removal of laws that require parental permission to access services for sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention, testing and treatment has been shown to improve health-seeking behaviours. That effect is even stronger when schools can provide age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education to young people so they can protect themselves from HIV, STIs, unwanted pregnancy and gender-based and sexual violence.

Forty countries reported to UNAIDS in 2021 that they have laws requiring parental/guardian consent for adolescents to access hormonal or long-lasting contraceptives, 108 reported that this consent is required for an HIV test, 43 for HIV self-testing, 92 for HIV treatment and 22 for PrEP. Among these countries, some provide exceptions based on demonstrated maturity: 10 for hormonal or long-lasting contraceptives, 15 for HIV testing, eight for self-testing and nine for HIV treatment. The age cut-off of parental consent laws varied by service. The majority of countries that reported having requirements for parental/guardian consent had an age cut-off of 18 years, with exceptions in a few countries where adolescents as young as 14 years could access a service without parental/guardian consent, which varied by service. 

Health systems and communities have been pushed to the breaking point by the COVID-19 pandemic, a pandemic that the world was woefully unprepared for. Two years on, networks of key populations and people living with HIV are still at the forefront of the COVID-19 response, working to ensure that communities have access to timely and undisrupted HIV services. Among them is Youth LEAD, the network of young key populations in Asia and the Pacific, which in 2020 established the YKP COVID-19 Emergency Relief Fund to support initiatives led by young people in Asia and the Pacific.

One of the beneficiaries is Ya_All, an organization for young lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people based in Manipur, India. “The second COVID-19 wave hit north-east India really hard, as it did across the country. We saw health-care systems collapse in front of our eyes. This greatly affected our work as we saw more and more young key populations experience delays in accessing HIV prevention services and saw an increase in mental health issues,” said Sadam Hanjabam, the founder and Chief Functionary of Ya_All. Thanks to the YKP COVID-19 Emergency Relief Fund, Ya_All supported 300 young LGBTI people and members of other key populations to access telecounselling services in five districts to help them with depression and other mental health issues.

Since the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the YKP COVID-19 Emergency Relief Fund has helped organizations led by and serving young people implement programmes that ensured young key populations and people living with HIV were not left behind in the HIV and COVID-19 responses. This included providing essential food and supplies of personal protective equipment, information on HIV and COVID-19 prevention and continued access to HIV prevention and treatment services, including mental health services. It also included establishing harm reduction programmes, distributing seed funding for businesses led by transgender people, providing housing and supporting digital and peer-led initiatives.

Funded through the Robert Carr Fund, the AIDS Health Care Foundation and the UNAIDS Regional Support Team for Asia and the Pacific, the YKP COVID-19 Emergency Relief Fund has supported more than 20 projects from 15 organizations led by young people across the region, and has made a considerable difference to the lives of young key populations.

The Viet Nam Young Key Populations Network is one of the beneficiaries of the fund in Viet Nam. Even though the country was in complete lockdown for a substantial period, with a seed grant the network managed to produce HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights digital educational content for young people at risk of HIV, distributing harm reduction materials to 15 provinces across the country.

Similarly, YPEER Pilipinas, another beneficiary of the fund, trained 1000 young people on HIV combination prevention strategies and screened more than 900 young people for HIV. With a small grant, they were able to scale up the #GetCondomPH Programme, which resulted in successfully distributing more than 11 000 condoms across the Philippines.

In Cambodia, KHANA has given mental health support training to more than 70 LGBTI leaders. The training accelerated ongoing mental health peer support to key affected populations who were experiencing mental health issues. “Online counselling sessions on how to cope with mental health issues were incredibly helpful. The YKP COVID-19 Emergency Relief Fund was an effective mechanism that allowed us to provide timely support to young people in need of HIV prevention and other health services,” said Phorng Chanthorn, Senior Coordinator at KHANA.

These few examples out of the many show that young people, communities and civil society play a crucial role in pandemic responses, helping HIV programmes rebound and adapt to COVID-19 rapidly. Still, these efforts have not been easy. “Youth networks are trying to find ways to recover, adapt and effectively lead in this new funding landscape that has resulted in greater competition for donor funding. Many programmes, including this one, showcase the impact and necessity of supporting youth-led HIV programmes and initiatives. However, it’s not enough,” said Vanessa Monley, Programme Officer at Youth LEAD.

In 2020, young people accounted for 26% of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific. In some countries, close to half of new HIV infections were among young people, and one in three members of young key populations do not know their HIV status.

“It is critical to find innovative ways to continue to scale up access to HIV services for young key populations in the context of COVID-19, ensuring that we do not give up achieved gains, and to respond to the additional issues that have come with the pandemic, such as mental health and social support issues. UNAIDS is fully committed to supporting responses led by young people and ensuring their sustainability as we work collectively to end AIDS by 2030,” said Taoufik Bakkali, Director, a.i., of the UNAIDS Regional Support Team for Asia and the Pacific. 

Experiences of violence too often occur early in life. Violence in childhood has been linked to increased risks of: HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; mental health problems; delayed cognitive development; poor school performance and dropout; early pregnancy; reproductive health problems; communicable and noncommunicable diseases; and injury.

Among the 11 countries with available data between 2016 and 2020, violence (physical, sexual and/or emotional) experienced within the past 12 months by children (aged 13 to 17 years) ranged from 19.2% in the Republic of Moldova and Zimbabwe to 65.4% in Uganda among males, and from 17.7% in the Republic of Moldova to 57.5% in Uganda among females.

The percentage of young people (aged 18 to 24 years) who experienced one or more types of violence during childhood (before the age of 18) is high across all 11 countries with available data between 2016 and 2020, ranging from 26.3% in Zimbabwe to 75.6% in Uganda among males, and from 26.5% in Zimbabwe to 75.3% in Uganda among females.

The UNAIDS Joint Programme and partners agree that a new initiative is needed to accelerate and support action at the global, regional, country and community levels to urgently end AIDS among children, adolescents and mothers. To meet the needs of all stakeholders and ensure the engagement of all partners, we are undertaking a global consultation survey to gather ideas and opinions on what the priorities should be for ending AIDS among children, adolescents and mothers.

Eliminating vertical (mother-to-child) transmission of HIV and ending AIDS among children are among the global priorities highlighted in the new Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026: End Inequalities, End AIDS.

In 2020, there were 1.7 million children living with HIV globally, almost half (46%) of whom were not on life-saving HIV treatment. In the same year, there were 150 000 new HIV infections among children. Most of these new child infections could have been prevented if adolescent girls and women had universal access to HIV testing, prevention and treatment services and the support they need to stay in prevention care or on HIV treatment throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Over the past decade the Global Plan towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections among Children by 2015 and Keeping their Mothers Alive, followed by the Start Free, Stay Free, AIDS Free 2016–2020 framework, helped to coordinate, accelerate, support and monitor the global response to HIV among children, adolescents and mothers. Significant progress was made from 2010 to 2020, with coverage of HIV treatment to prevent vertical transmission for pregnant women living with HIV increasing from 45% in 2010 to 85% in 2020 and with a 53% reduction in new child HIV infections over the same period. However, this progress was not enough to reach any of the global targets set for the end of 2020.

New targets have been set for ending AIDS among children, adolescents and mothers in the Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026. Urgent and coordinated action is needed, from the global to the community levels, to reach these ambitious new targets, and we need your input on how best to accelerate action, especially at the community and country levels.

Please complete the online survey, which is available in English, French, Russian and Spanish, by 20 December.

• Consultation for English speakers - https://bit.ly/3DMkjJ2
• Consultation for French speakers - https://bit.ly/30MT7f7
• Consultation for Spanish speakers - https://bit.ly/3rBc27F
• Consultation for Russian speakers - https://bit.ly/3G13wm2

Ministers of education, health, gender, and youth in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), expressed overwhelming support to continue their joint efforts towards creating a brighter future for adolescents and young people in the region by empowering the youth and protecting their health and well-being to achieve the common goals.

A high-level Ministerial Meeting held virtually on Monday, as part of the International Conference on AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (ICASA) 2021 reaffirmed and expanded the commitment first made in 2013.

Eight years ago, Ministries of Health and Education from 20 countries - supported by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the East African Community (EAC) – joined forces with regional UN organisations to agree on a joint commitment, known as the ESA Commitment. They recognized the urgent need for more systematic scale up of sexuality education and youth-friendly SRH services in the region.

 While important strides have been made toward improving sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) outcomes among adolescents and young people, significant gaps and barriers still exist to the realization of the ESA Commitment targets. An evaluation of the 2013 commitment revealed progress in reducing new HIV infections, increasing comprehensive HIV knowledge and creating a conducive policy environment. However, the evaluation also indicated that accelerated efforts are urgently needed to reduce early and unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence and curb the effect of humanitarian emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This further underscored the need to renew the commitment, through expanding and aligning it with the SDG Agenda 2030.

Extensive consultations at national and regional level with governments, adolescents and young people, communities and development partners across sectors led to a new updated regional commitment and targets for 2022-2030.

This commitment by the ministers of Health, Gender, Education and Youth is expected to accelerate investments to the education, health and well-being of adolescents and young people in ESA.

By Prof. Sheila Tlou — Republished from Health Times

My years of work in HIV prevention have taught me a few things. Among them, one of the important things I have learnt is that if people do not know how to protect themselves or how to access treatment, they will not be able to prevent HIV or lead happy and fulfilling lives with HIV. Therefore, information and education is key. But its not the only thing needed. I might have the information that unsafe sex may expose me to HIV or other STIs, but I may still go ahead and engage in unprotected sex. This means that the motivation and means also have to be provided. The other thing I have learnt about imparting knowledge is that you have to do it before it is too late. People need to know how to prevent an illness before they come in contact with it or before they act in a way that allows their body to be vulnerable to it.

Children today are leading the charge on a number of global issues – be it girls’ education, be it climate change or HIV. We have at least two world leaders on the issue of girls’ education and of climate change – Malala and Greta – who began their leadership as children and made the world listen to them. Why is this possible in today’s day and age? Because we are all more and more connected, and children and young people are now growing up with the internet as well as other media.

But no one is born with the knowledge to handle this media or to know how to prevent illness. We all learn this. How to use a mosquito net to sleep in for avoiding malaria. How to wash our hands to prevent bacterial infection or COVID. How to use a condom to prevent HIV or other STIs. These are learnt behaviours and someone reliable and trustworthy needs to teach us or we are unlikely to listen.

All this to say that I know from my lifetime of experience, and the world knows through over a decade of evidence, that when you provide good quality, contextual and developmentally appropriate sexuality education to adolescents, it is effective. It results in less HIV infections, less early or unintended pregnancies and less unhappy couples!

Puberty, healthy relationships, and preparation for building a home and having a family are among those aspects of life that CSE teaches in schools. Addressing such topics can no longer be avoided because children are already being exposed through many, widely available channels. Unless a trusted source addresses it first, our children are at risk of taking wrong turns in life because of the things they read on the Internet, see on TV, or discuss with their friends. CSE offers comprehensive education – not just about puberty, healthy relationships, and preparation for starting a family. Indeed, the goal of is to support children in becoming well-rounded individuals. CSE teaches how to carefully think actions through and make decisions that are mature and healthy.

Here we are at the cusp of renewing our promise to our children and young people in east and southern Africa that we will give them the best possible education for their health and well-being, and access to the services they need. We are promising to them that we will do all we can for their brighter future. It tires me that there are still some people who want to rob our children of the education that gives them all the possible options and choices of protection, including abstinence, delaying sexual activity, condoms and other contraception. It tires me that there are some trouble makers spreading misinformation about sexuality education, when we know that CSE leads to healthier, happier and more fulfilled young people who have the information, attitudes and skills to make better life choices for themselves.

Let us reject this misinformation, trust our governments, and work together towards a better, healthier Africa.

Prof Sheila Tlou is the Co-Chair of the Global HIV Prevention Coalition, Former Minister of Health Botswana, distinguished advocate for human resources for health issues and a recognized visionary leader and champion through her initiatives on HIV and AIDS, gender, and women's health.