Gay men and other men who have sex with men are one of the populations that are disproportionally affected by HIV. In 2022, the relative risk of acquiring HIV was 23 times higher for gay men and other men who have sex with men than in the wider population globally. Trans men who have sex with men may also be at increased risk, although there are few data. Annual numbers of new HIV infections among gay men and other men who have sex with men increased by 11% between 2010 and 2022. Outside of sub-Saharan Africa, the proportion of new HIV infections among this key population has increased, but it has decreased among the remaining population. Despite the disproportionate burden, coverage of HIV services among gay men and other men who have sex with men in many settings continues to be below the 2025 target, with only 40% of them reporting in median accessing at least two HIV prevention options in the past three months in 2023. Related links: New UNAIDS report shows AIDS pandemic can be ended by 2030, but only if leaders boost resources and protect human rights now | Full report

Sex workers are disproportionally affected by HIV. In 2022, the relative risk of acquiring HIV was nine times higher for sex workers than for people in the wider population globally, declining from 12 times higher in 2010. In sub-Saharan Africa, annual numbers of sex workers with newly acquired HIV dropped by 50% between 2010 and 2022 according to new modelled estimates. Numbers of new infections among sex workers remain the same outside sub-Saharan Africa and are increasing in some countries. Criminalization of any aspect of sex work, other punitive laws, interpersonal and institutional violence, and stigma and discrimination remain significant barriers to achieving social justice and equality for sex workers, and ensuring health for all through access to and uptake of HIV and sexual and reproductive health services. A median of 26% of sex workers have reported experiencing violence in the past 12 months (20 reporting countries). Related links: New UNAIDS report shows AIDS pandemic can be ended by 2030, but only if leaders boost resources and protect human rights now | Full report

Transgender people are disproportionally affected by HIV. Annual numbers of new HIV infections among transgender women increased by 3% from 2010 to 2022. Transgender women are at increased risk of HIV infection compared with the rest of the adult population. In 2022, the relative risk of acquiring HIV was 20 times higher for transgender women than for people in the wider population globally, a significant increase from the 11 times higher risk in 2010. Median HIV prevention coverage (receiving at least two prevention services) among transgender people is below the 2025 targets of 95% in almost all regions. Recent country reports indicate that coverage of transgender people during the past three months ranged from 28% in eastern and southern Africa (one reporting country) to 100% in Latin America (one reporting country). Criminalization of transgender people, stigma and discrimination, and violence based on gender identity or expression create significant barriers to achieving social justice and equality for transgender people, and to ensuring health for all through access and uptake of HIV services. Structural factors, including transphobia, result in discrimination, which leads to limited work opportunities, reduced access to health-care services, legal barriers, and mental health challenges. These factors also influence behavioural risk factors, including condomless sex, unsafe sex work, and sharing needles for hormone injections or drug use, leading to substantial inequalities in HIV outcomes. Gender-affirming care has been shown to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence, viral load suppression achievement, and HIV prevention in transgender people. Related links: New UNAIDS report shows AIDS pandemic can be ended by 2030, but only if leaders boost resources and protect human rights now | Full report

People who inject drugs are disproportionally affected by HIV. People who inject drugs who are living with or at risk of HIV include men, women, people in prisons, and people from other key populations, such as sex workers, gay men and other men who have sex with men, and transgender people. In 2022, the relative risk of acquiring HIV was 14 times higher for people who inject drugs than for people in the overall adult population. Since 2019, only two of 26 reporting countries (Malaysia, Seychelles) have reported achieving the 2025 target of 50% use of opioid agonist maintenance therapy among people who inject drugs. Since 2019, among the 35 countries that reported the number of needles and syringes distributed per person who injects drugs per year by needle–syringe programmes, only three countries reported achieving the recommended more than 200 needles and syringes distributed per person who injects drugs per year. In the same period, only 11 of the 27 reporting countries achieved the 90% target on coverage of safe injecting practices. Related links: New UNAIDS report shows AIDS pandemic can be ended by 2030, but only if leaders boost resources and protect human rights now | Full report

People in prisons and other closed settings are disproportionally affected by HIV. In 2023, HIV prevalence among people in these settings was two times higher than among adults aged 15–49 years in the general population. Lack of access to HIV treatment and prevention services in prisons and other closed settings remains a significant barrier to achieving social justice and equality and ensuring health for all people. Treatment coverage gaps are notable for people living with HIV in prisons and other closed settings. Among the 37 countries that reported on antiretroviral therapy coverage among people in prisons and other closed settings in recent years, only 18 countries reported above 95% coverage, and five countries reported less than 50%. HIV programmes are generally not available or tailored for women in prisons and other closed settings. A small but slowly increasing number of countries provide at least some HIV-related services in prisons and other closed settings. Related links: New UNAIDS report shows AIDS pandemic can be ended by 2030, but only if leaders boost resources and protect human rights now | Full report

This report explores the extent to which evidence, policy, normative guidance and commitments on HIV and gender-based violence, and their interlinkages, is being translated into action on the ground in fragile settings. These issues are explored through the lens of training of peace support operations deploying African troops across Africa and beyond. Translations: français | português | عربي

This status report shows how far we have come—and how much further we must go—if we hope to meet the global commitments to end AIDS in children. It offers a snapshot of global progress and permits an early assessment of the impact of the Global Alliance’s work. This report highlights the transformative work that is being undertaken in Global Alliance countries to accelerate gains towards ending AIDS in children, underscoring the urgent need to apply good practices, emerging innovations and critical lessons learned to overcome the barriers that slow progress. - Português

There has been a 24% drop in the annual number of new HIV infections in western and central Europe and North America since 2010, and the number of AIDS-related deaths has declined by 34%. Numbers of new HIV infections among sex workers and their clients, however, have not declined at the same rate. Despite data showing ongoing progress in HIV prevention, persistent social and economic factors, including stigma and discrimination, continue to cause health disparities, compromising the health and well-being of people from marginalized communities. Related links: New UNAIDS report shows AIDS pandemic can be ended by 2030, but only if leaders boost resources and protect human rights now | Full report

Annual numbers of new HIV infections in western and central Africa declined by 46% between 2010 and 2023. The high numbers of new infections among people from key populations and adolescent girls and young women are challenges, however, and call for increased investment in primary prevention programmes. In 2023, adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years accounted for 19% of all new HIV infections. The expansion of differentiated services for HIV treatment have yielded marked progress, with 81% [62–97%] of people living with HIV knowing their status, 76% [59–92%] receiving antiretroviral therapy, and 70% [61–81%] having a suppressed viral load. The number of adults aged 15 years and over receiving HIV treatment has more than doubled since 2015. Between 2010 and 2023, numbers of AIDS-related deaths decreased by 55%. Related links: New UNAIDS report shows AIDS pandemic can be ended by 2030, but only if leaders boost resources and protect human rights now | Full report