This report compares the impact of El Niño-induced climate events in Southern Africa during the 2015/2016 and 2023/2024 cycles, with a focused lens on HIV, sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and related vulnerabilities including gender-based violence (GBV), food insecurity and displacement. The analysis highlights how climate shocks intensified existing HIV and SRHR challenges, despite specific improvements and applied learnings between the two time periods. An action brief is also available.

The National AIDS Spending Assessment (NASA) is a comprehensive, systematic approach to tracking HIV expenditures and analysing financial resources dedicated to the HIV response within a country (or within a region or specific subnational area), or as a stand-alone deeper dive into the community-led response (CLR).

This guide responds to a growing demand for practical, adaptable methods to project the full resource needs of national strategic plans. 

UNAIDS and the Gates Foundation convened a meeting on 5-6 June, 2025 to consider mathematical modelling evidence on the anticipated epidemiologic impact and cost-efficiency of long-acting injectable lenacapavir (LEN) for HIV prevention in low- and middle-income countries.

Scaling up primary HIV prevention, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is essential to closing the prevention gap and reducing the number of new HIV infections, especially as countries approach the 95–95–95 treatment targets1 but continue to face a stagnant or rising incidence of HIV among people from key and priority populations. Injectable lenacapavir is a new long-acting injectable antiretroviral medicine given every six months for HIV prevention. In clinical trials, lenacapavir was found to be safe and effective, with 96–100% reduction in HIV acquisition compared with background rates.