In this study, UNHCR and UNAIDS seek to inform and support key decision-makers on HIV-related issues facing refugees, other populations of concern to UNHCR, and the populations of host countries. The content of this document focuses on sub-Saharan Africa, but the concepts discussed are applicable to refugee situations outside this region.

The primary goal of this policy position paper is to energize and mobilize an intensification of HIV prevention with an ultimate aim of universal access to HIV prevention and treatment. The paper defines the central actions that must be taken to arrest the spread of new HIV infections. It identifies what needs to be done to speedily and effectively bridge the HIV prevention gap, building on synergies between HIV prevention and care, and to ensure the sustainability of HIV treatment scale-up in the present context. It highlights the role of UNAIDS, in relation to intensifying HIV prevention and points the ways in which jointly supportive action can be achieved. This paper is directed towards all those who have a leadership role in HIV prevention, treatment and care.

The three case studies in this report are examples of what can be achieved when the media are used creatively towards positive outcomes. They offer lessons from experi-ence that will be of value to people everywhere who are interested in harnessing the power of the mass media to help in the response to AIDS.

In this report, an assessment is made of the validity of the decline in HIV prevalence observed at antenatal clinics in Zimbabwe by examining this data closely from an epidemiological perspective, and by assessing their consistency with epidemiological and behavioural information from a range of other national sources and in-depth local community studies. Using the available behaviour data and comparison of observed trends in HIV prevalence with counterfactual trends in HIV prevalence—i.e. those expected in the absence of behaviour change—generated by fitting an epidemiological model, assessment of the plausibility that behaviour change has contributed to the recent trends in HIV prevalence and incidence. The findings in this report are based on information collected in an epidemiological review of data on the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe carried out between November 2004 and June 2005.

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) brings together ten UN agencies in a common effort to fight the AIDS epidemic. As the main advocate for global action against AIDS, UNAIDS leads, strengthens and supports an expanded response to the epidemic. It aims to prevent HIV transmission, provide care and support to those living with HIV, reduce the vulnerability of individuals and communities to AIDS, and alleviate the impact of the epidemic.

This report summarizes UNAIDS’ assistance to countries in 2004 and 2005. Drawn from the reports of UNAIDS’ Country Coordinators from over 75 countries. The report covers the following 5 areas: Basic information on UNAIDS and how it operates, especially at country-level; how UNAIDS is contributing to implementation of the “Three Ones” principles; the many ways in which UNAIDS has assisted countries in strengthening their responses to AIDS; how UNAIDS is working to enhance the United Nations system’s capacity to assist countries in responding to AIDS and how UNAIDS plans to meet key challenges for the future.

In response to recommendations of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, UNAIDS provided this background

This report is the submission at the sixtieth session of the UN General Assembly of the assessment of country-driven processes for scaling up HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, with the aim of coming as close as possible to the goal of universal access to treatment by 2010 for all those who need it.

As the case studies in this volume demonstrate, the law can be protective of human rights, but can also impede their realization. Over the years, people living with or affected by HIV have sometimes successfully claimed the protection of the law. In other instances, courageous
activists have challenged the law to embody the human rights protections they deserve. This volume presents 30 summaries of court or tribunal proceedings aimed at defending or securing the human rights of people living with, or vulnerable to, HIV. With an emphasis on cases from
developing countries, this volume examines key litigation efforts to advance a “human rightsbased approach” to HIV on three fronts: discrimination, access to treatment, and prevention and care for prisoners. Understanding the ways in which litigation has been used in the struggle for human rights, successfully or otherwise, helps legislators, jurists, advocates and policymakers to understand and use the law optimally in the response to AIDS.

This Best Practice Case Study captures lessons learned, keys to success, and challenges that must be met if there is to be optimal access to treatment and care for UN staff and their dependents. It describes UN workplace programmes in Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kenya and Rwanda where multi-disciplinary teams are discovering the power of leadership and the value of multidisciplinary interagency approaches.