South Africa

A longer version of this article appeared in the November Bulletin of the World Health Organization   

Credit: UNAIDS

When she was four years old, Thando* was taken to a public hospital in Johannesburg for HIV treatment. “I first saw her in 1998 with advanced disease and her CD4 count was less than 50,” says Ashraf Coovadia, a paediatrician at the Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital. “In 1999 we managed to get her antiretrovirals (ARVs) through a research project.”

Prior to 2003, ARVs were not available in the public health system in South Africa, the country with the highest number of people with HIV in the world. While private patients could get access to the life-saving drugs and buy their survival, many patients in the public sector did not survive.

It is this stark public–private divide that the South African government hopes its proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme will tackle by providing universal access to health care “based on need rather than ability to pay.”

Thando was lucky to get therapy in time and this “lovely teenager”, raised by her aunt, is the longest attending patient at the hospital’s paediatric clinic. “Prior to the rollout, we had a handful of children accessing ARVs, less than 5%. Now the majority who need it are on ARVs and doing well,” says Prof Coovadia.

Access to treatment for HIV has expanded dramatically in the past decade and, since the 1994 democratic elections, access to health services in general have improved for poorer South Africans. However, some believe that the standard of care in the public sector has been steadily deteriorating.

“South Africa has had difficulty post 1994 in grappling with the HIV epidemic—that was a real curveball,” says Helen Schneider, Chief Researcher at the University of Cape Town’s (UCT) Centre for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Research.

Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi told the Bulletin: “the starting point for the NHI is to close the increasing gap between the rich and the poor. If I am sick, I get the best care. If people are unemployed, they can forget it.” Dr Motsoaledi describes the existing health-care system as “very expensive, destructive, unaffordable and not sustainable.”

In September 2010, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) released its current proposals for the NHI for wide consultation. According to Zweli Mkhize, chairman of the ANC’s health committee, the scheme, which aims to provide universal coverage for all South Africans, is expected to cost an extra R11 billion on top of the R117 billion in the government’s health budget for 2012. Taxation to pay for this compulsory medical insurance scheme is expected to start in 2012, with a plan to phase it in over 14 years.

A private economic consultancy, Econex, has published an extensive critique of the proposals, teasing out some of the implementation challenges, chief among them the enormous anticipated cost of the system as currently conceptualized.

And cost models produced for the Congress of South African Trade Unions, which strongly supports the introduction of NHI, suggest an additional funding requirement of around R189 billion, before administrative savings.

The NHI would also introduce new dimensions to the South African health financing system, notably the possibility of using public resources through strategic purchasing of services for the population. According to Di McIntyre, a professor from UCT’s Health Economics Unit, this would ensure that “everyone will be able to access health services on the basis of their need for care and not on the basis of their ability to pay.”

*Thando’s name has been changed.

African Women Championship 2010, group A match: South Africa vs Tanzania, 31 October 2010 Credit: CAF

Captains of all eight national teams competing in the 2010 African Women’s Football Championship in South Africa have joined forces to support the Give AIDS the Red Card campaign to end mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

The campaign was initiated during the 2010 FIFA World Cup by UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé and Kirsten Nematandani, President of the South African Football Association (SAFA). It reinforces global efforts to virtually eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV by 2015.

At the opening ceremony of the Women’s Championship on 31 October at Sinaba Stadium in Benoni, South Africa, the captains of the qualifying teams from Algeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Tanzania and South Africa, publicly read the appeal:

“As captains and players of teams competing in the 2010 African Women’s Championship in South Africa, we appeal to football players and fans across Africa to celebrate life and help prevent mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected with HIV…together we must Give AIDS the Red Card to prevent mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected with HIV.”

Each year, an estimated 430 000 babies worldwide are born with HIV a large majority in Africa. In many parts of Africa, AIDS-related illness is the leading cause of death among infants and young children. HIV is also the leading cause of death and disease among women of reproductive age worldwide.

Mr Nematandani explained why SAFA is supporting the campaign during this tournament. “Football represents one of the biggest voices in the world and SAFA, as the custodian of football in South Africa, has decided that it will join its voice to the many voices making a difference in the response to HIV around the world.” He concluded, “There is no better way to show this than to articulate it repeatedly during these important championship matches.”

The team captains also committed to read out the appeal at the start of each of the 14 matches that will play in  the championship which runs until 14 November 2010.   

The Stop TB partnership has launched a Global Plan to Stop TB (2011-2015) aimed at halving tuberculosis (TB) prevalence and death rates by 2015 to reach the Millennium Development Goal of halting and beginning to reverse the epidemic by 2015.

The Plan, launched in South Africa, identifies research gaps that need to be filled to bring rapid TB tests, faster treatment regimens and a fully effective vaccine to the market. It also shows how public health programmes can modernise diagnostic laboratories and adopt the new TB tests which have become available, replacing the century old diagnostic methods still used in many countries.

The Stop TB partnership are calling for US$ 37 billion to finance the plan from 2011-2015 which they estimate will allow them to diagnose and treat 32 million people over the next five years.

Without dramatic increases in funding and political commitment between 2010 and 2015 the Stop TB Partnership estimates that over 50 million people will develop active TB and that over 10 million lives will be lost to the disease which is both preventable and curable.

Every year around half a million people die from HIV-associated TB. If the plan's targets are met, by the end of 2015, all TB patients will be tested for HIV and, if the test is positive, receive anti-retroviral drugs and other appropriate HIV care. In HIV treatment settings, all patients will be screened for TB and receive appropriate preventive therapy or treatment as needed.

“Over a million people living with HIV fall ill with TB every year,” said Dr Paul De Lay, Deputy Executive Director, Programme, UNAIDS. “We need to make sure that all people living with HIV who need it, receive antiretroviral therapy, and that all people living with HIV are screened for TB every time they see a health care worker. This will help us to prevent diagnose and treat TB early and effectively in people living with HIV and avoid unnecessary deaths.”

In July this year the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the Stop TB Partnership signed a memorandum of understanding to combine efforts to halve the number of people living with HIV who die from TB by 2015, compared to 2004 levels. The memorandum also outlines the importance of providing life-saving antiretroviral treatment for all TB patients living with HIV.

The Global Plan to Stop TB was launched by the South African Minister of Health, Dr Aaron Motsoaledi at a press conference held in the Pholosho Primary School in Alexandra which teaches more than 2000 children from the region.

Following the launch speakers from the press conference, together with children from the school, participated in a football tournament as part of the Kick TB Campaign. This is a campaign which seeks to combat TB as well as the stigma associated with it, by fusing sport and social mobilization to create a platform through which TB messages can be effectively conveyed.

A global consensus is emerging that accelerated progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and more efficient use of resources can be achieved by taking the AIDS response out of isolation and integrating it with efforts to achieve other health and development goals.

On 22 September, the last day of the UN MDG Summit in New York, UNAIDS will co-host the event ‘AIDS plus MDGs: Delivering results towards our shared commitments’ together with the Governments of China, Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa. 

Premier Wen Jiabao of China and Prime Minister Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia will be joined by Nigeria’s and South Africa’s Ministers of Health, Prof Onyebuchi Chukwu and Dr Aaron Motsoaledi, respectively, to generate political commitment to leverage the AIDS response to achieve the MDGs. Representing the United Nations will be UN Deputy Secretary-General Dr Asha-Rose Migiro, WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan, and UNAIDS Executive Director Mr Michel Sidibé, who will chair the event.

“World leaders and UNAIDS are joining together to give the message that we must invest strategically to address multiple MDGs,” said Mr Sidibé. “Releasing the power, capacity and innovation of the AIDS movement may provide one of the best opportunities to ‘do the MDGs’ differently.”

The relationship between AIDS and the MDGs is reciprocal: investments in the AIDS repose advance all the MDGs and efforts to meet the eight Goals address the social drivers of the HIV epidemic. To find out more about AIDS and the MDG, read the UNAIDS report AIDS plus MDGs: synergies that serve people, a report prepared by the Government of Ethiopia and a UNAIDS case study on Rwanda.

The research was supported by a telephone helpline service to respond to health and human rights concerns of sex workers during the World Cup.
Credit: UNFPA

As part of the UN South Africa Programme of Support to the FIFA 2010 World Cup, UNFPA and SWEAT (Sex Worker Education & Advocacy Taskforce) partnered with South African researchers to investigate key dimensions of HIV and sex work during the tournament. This rigorous research was supported by a telephone helpline service to respond to health and human rights concerns of sex workers during the World Cup. According to Mr. Eric Harper, Executive Director of SWEAT: “These projects give weight to the rights watch dimension for most-at-risk-populations that is so vital when the largest sporting event in the world occurs.”

Sex work in South Africa became one of the most talked about issues in preparation for the tournament. Newspapers warned of an influx of sex workers to the country to exploit the lucrative potential of the arrival of thousands of soccer fans. As the programme’s lead researcher, Marlise Richter, maintained: “Public health and human rights responses to international sporting events should be based on rigorous, systematic research - not on fear-mongering and sensationalism.” This referred to media reports that over-estimated the number of foreign sex workers headed to the country and the result of confusing issues of trafficking and sex work. The research also addresses the significant data shortages related to sex work and HIV in South Africa in the longer term.

The research assessed sex worker fears, expectations and experiences of the World Cup, gathered information on sex worker mobility, frequency of health care visits and interaction with police. It also tracked the number of clients and potential changes in sex work activity during the World Cup. The tournament presented a strategic opportunity for South Africa to respond to the challenges that the sex industry poses in a rights-based way and provided the momentum for these issues to be taken further in the future. At the same time, conducting research that tracked the changes in the sex work sector during a big, international sporting event is vital to inform future policy and planning for similar events across the world.

Following a right-to-health approach, and in accordance with the UNAIDS Guidance Note on HIV and Sex Work , UNFPA supported SWEAT to provide sexual and reproductive health services, including HIV prevention, to sex workers during the tournament and beyond. Sex workers’ ability to look after their health, more especially their sexual and reproductive health, is inextricably linked to their ability to access human rights in general.

Commenting on the initiative, Dianne Massawe, Project Officer for SWEAT said: “This partnersunhip affords us the opportunity to respond specifically to the sexual and reproductive health aspect through increased outreach and distribution of safer sex tools and information to sex workers. In addition, the telephone helpline provide[d] valuable assistance to sex workers around the human rights abuses they face.”

South Africa is often referred to as the epicentre of the AIDS epidemic, home to the world’s largest number of people living with HIV. Within this epicentre, populations most at risk of HIV infection must be prioritised in prevention strategies. UNFPA supports SWEAT in research that will generate further evidence on the need for comprehensive programmes that promote a human rights-based approach to universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support in the context of adult sex work.

The completed research report is expected by September 2010.

The AIDS epidemic has raised new and complex legal and human rights challenges leading to judicial rulings on matters related to HIV that have become part of the jurisprudence of many countries. Through interpretation of national constitutions, legislation and international human rights treaties, the judiciary has sometimes had a transformative and beneficial impact on the national response to HIV and on the public perception of HIV.

Enabling jurisprudence has emerged in countries as diverse as Australia, Botswana, Brazil, India, Iran, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America and Venezuela. This includes judgments on employment law, access to education, medical insurance, treatment in prisons, segregation, confidentiality, access to medicines, and the rights of prisoners. Through a well-informed, evidence-based and protective application of the law, the judiciary can create the type of legal and social environment necessary to halt and roll back the AIDS epidemic; to provide access to justice to those affected; and to achieve national commitments to attain universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.

Beyond the court, members of the judiciary are leaders in their communities and societies who should be engaged in the response to HIV. Their stance, attitudes and behaviour towards HIV-related issues, people living with HIV and members of most at risk populations can help shape social attitude towards these populations. Members of the judiciary can challenge stigma and discriminatory practices against people living with HIV and members of key populations both inside the court and within the community at large.

However, in the quickly evolving area of scientific, medical and legal issues related to HIV epidemic, there has been little opportunity for judges to take stock of epidemiological and scientific developments. Nor has role of members of the judiciary as agents of justice and protectors of human rights been fully explored or used to address vulnerability to HIV and ensure human rights protection for all in the context of the epidemic.

Recognising the potential and actual role of the judiciary in the AIDS response, UNAIDS is committed to supporting the judiciary, including in the following areas:

• Providing opportunities for continuing education and discussion among the judiciary on recent developments in the HIV response and their legal implications
• Supporting judges to make the courts more accessible to all people affected by HIV
• Stimulating rights-based and evidence-informed standard-setting on pertinent HIV-related legal and human rights issues by and for members of the judiciary
• Creating opportunities for members of the judiciary to exchange with key stakeholders of the HIV response, including people living with HIV, women affected by HIV, and members of key populations at higher risks.

UNAIDS’ support to judiciary leadership is guided by its commitment to working with key national and international actors towards the removal of “punitive laws, policies, practices, stigma and discrimination that block effective responses to AIDS”, as affirmed in the UNAIDS Outcome Framework 2009-2011

UNAIDS sees members of the judiciary as key stakeholders in supporting and enforcing a protective legal environment to the HIV response.

According to Susan Timberlake, Senior Human Rights and Law Advisor at UNAIDS, “Through the courts, judges can  uphold non-discrimination based on HIV status, protect women and  key populations  from violence and denial of services, and overturn  punitive laws that violate human rights in the context of the epidemic.”

As part of the efforts to engage the judiciary in the HIV response a groundbreaking meeting of eminent African jurists was held in Johannesburg, South Africa in December 2009 to discuss HIV and the law in the 21st century.

As the 2010 World Cup kicks off this Friday, thousands of football fans will arrive in South Africa to cheer on their favourite teams.

HIV awareness and prevention is also a high priority during this time. HIV can spread particularly among young people, through the dangerous combination of alcohol and unsafe sex.

As HIV can be spread through unprotected sex, condoms are vital to protecting people from HIV infection. Male and female condoms are the most efficient, available technologies to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

And to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, advocates count on making condoms readily available. Previously successful campaigns have included free condoms in match venues, hotels, stadiums, bars, and clubs. As one fan said, “condoms are more useful with me than in a warehouse.”

Condoms are a key component of the combination prevention package to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. Other components include delay of sexual initiation, abstinence, being mutually faithful to each other when both partners are uninfected, and reducing the number of sexual partners.

UNAIDS commends the South African government’s commitment to distribute condoms during the World Cup. We support the efforts carried out by the South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) and civil society groups, including the Treatment Action Campaign and AIDS Consortium, to ensure that condoms and HIV information are made widely available during the tournament.

Each day, 7 400 people are infected with HIV worldwide. In South Africa, the host of this year’s World Cup, 5.7 million people are living with HIV ─ the largest number worldwide.

Captains of South Africa, Nigeria, France, Paraguay, Uruguay, Australia, Cote D'Ivoire, Uruguay, Greece, and Serbia national teams join appeal to prevent  mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected with HIV.

Captain of the South Africa Football Team Mr Aaron Mokoena signing the UNAIDS World Cup Appeal at the Team’s Gala Dinner attended by FIFA President Sepp Blatter, 2 June 2010. Credit: George Philipas

Each day nearly 1200 babies are born with HIV worldwide—during the course of a 90-minute football match almost 80 babies will become newly infected.

Captains of the teams competing in the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa may be rivals on the pitch in the coming weeks, but off the pitch they are joining forces to support a global campaign to prevent mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected with HIV.

The initiative is backed by UNAIDS Goodwill Ambassadors and international football stars Mr Michael Ballack, former captain of the German World Cup team, and Mr Emmanuel Adebayor of Togo who have personally asked World Cup football team captains to sign this Appeal:

“Between now and 2014, when the next World Cup is played in Brazil, together we can stop babies from becoming infected with HIV and keep their mothers alive and thriving. Hence we appeal: From Soweto to Rio de Janeiro, give AIDS the red card and prevent babies from becoming infected with HIV.” —World Cup Appeal to prevent mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected with HIV

UNAIDS Executive Director Mr Michel Sidibé, who will attend the World Cup opening ceremonies later this week in South Africa said, “I thank Goodwill Ambassadors Adebayor and Ballack for their leadership. Through the Appeal, the global popularity of football and the prestige of team captains will help us raise awareness about the toll of HIV on mothers and babies and promote action to ensure that HIV testing and treatment services reach all who need it.”

Nigerian team captain Mr Kanu Nwankwo was the first to join up, signing the Appeal in the presence of Nigeria’s President, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan who was guest of honour at the gala send-off dinner for the national team.

Mr Aaron Mokoena, captain of Bafana Bafana, nickname of the host team South Africa, signed the Appeal at a good luck dinner for the team hosted by Kirsten Nematandani, President of the South African Football Association. Mr Joseph F. Blatter, President of FIFA; Mr Issa Hayatou, President of the Confederation of African Football; and Mr Danny Jordaan, CEO of the 2010 World Cup Local Organizing Committee were also in attendance. Cote d’Ivoire team captain and UNDP Goodwill Ambassador Didier Drogba, dynamic striker with Chelsea and top scorer this year in the English Premier League, has also signed.

Nigerian team captain Mr Kanu Nwankwo was the first to join the World Cup appeal, signing in the presence of Nigeria’s President, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan who was guest of honour at the gala send-off dinner for the national team. Credit: UNAIDS

Across the Atlantic Ocean in Latin America, Paraguay’s captain Mr Denis Caniza, and Mr Diego Lugano, the captain of Uruguay are signatories to the appeal. European captains have also signed up, including the team captain of France, Mr Patrice Evra, Mr Giorgos Karagounis, captain of the Greek team, and Serbia’s captain Mr Dejan Stankovic, who discussed the initiative at a press conference last week. Also signed on is Mr Lucas Neill, captain of Australia’s team.

The star players are taking action because in 2008 alone, 430,000 babies were infected with HIV, 90% in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS-related illness is the single largest cause of death of infants and young children in much on Africa, and the leading cause of death of women of reproductive age across the world.

Countries are however making progress in stemming mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Nearly half of all HIV-positive pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries receive HIV treatment to prevent the transmission of the virus to their babies. These efforts are helping to improve maternal and child health and bring us closer to achieving all the Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

FIFA (International Federation of Association Football) is playing its part in tackling HIV. The Football for Hope Centre in Khayelitsha in the outskirts of Cape Town opened its doors in December, the first of 20 such community centres that will address HIV and other key issues affecting young people across the continent. FIFA will also screen advertisements for condoms and HIV prevention messages at fan parks during the World Cup where fans can view the matches.

“HIV infections in infants have been virtually eliminated in many high-income countries,” said Mr Sidibé. “Now we must apply the tools at our disposal to create an HIV-free generation in Africa and worldwide.”

“We can make change happen in the four years to come—using the power and outreach of the game of football,” states the Appeal. “We can reach out to men and women, families and football fans worldwide to ensure that children do not become infected.”

Helen Clark meets with beneficiaries of an HIV project in Timbuktu. 04 May 2010. Credit: UNDP

The Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Helen Clark recently ended a four-country tour of Africa to highlight progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the run-up to the MDGs Summit in September 2010. Ms Clark travelled to Mali, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, and South Africa.

“Achieving the MDGs means quite simply a better life for billions of people,” Helen Clark said. “...Reaching the Millennium Development Goals is possible, and there is a range of tried and tested policies which ensure progress, particularly when backed by strong partnerships.”

UNAIDS participated in one leg of the tour as part of a joint mission with UNDP. UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé accompanied Ms Clark to Mali on a four-day mission where he reiterated his call for preventing HIV transmission from mothers to children. "I am honoured to join Helen Clark on her first visit to Mali, which is a clear sign of the UN's commitment to reach zero new HIV infections," Mr Sidibé said.

Ms Clark met with Heads of State and Ministers, touched base with women leaders and members of civil society, and visited development projects.

Mali has been making important headway in tackling the AIDS epidemic, having reduced national prevalence from 1.7% in 2001 to 1.3% in 2006 and dramatically expanding universal access to HIV services.

Ms Clark also reiterated the importance of empowering women to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, describing “economic empowerment, access to legal rights, including inheritance rights, and participation in decision-making” as key steps toward achieving women’s empowerment.

In Burkina Faso, she toured a project which facilitates access to energy for rural women, and visited one of 176 UNDP-supported AIDS community associations where she spoke with sex workers about their concerns for the future.

The prevalence rate of HIV in Burkina Faso has dropped from 7% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2008, one of the lowest in West Africa. Despite this progress, the country still faces an epidemic mostly affecting women between 15 and 24 years old.

In Tanzania, Ms Clark met with the Minister for Finance and Economic Affairs, Mustafa Mkulo, to discuss the country’s progress towards the MDGs, particularly on the AIDS response, empowering women, and enrolling children in primary school. She also travelled to Zanzibar and visited the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area, the single most important site for the conservation of the island’s biodiversity.

Ms Clark toured the National Electoral Commission’s voter registration facilities where she spoke to first-time voters planning to take part in the national elections this October. UNDP’s support to Tanzania’s election process includes voter education, training for media and political parties, and training domestic observers.

In the last leg of her Africa tour Ms Clark visited South Africa, where she launched an MDGs campaign song in Johannesburg for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, "8 Goals for Africa". The song encourages commitment to the achievement of the MDGs.

“There can be no spectators in the fight against poverty,” she said at the launch. “Everyone has a role to play in scoring the 8 Millennium Development Goals, which if reached would improve the quality of life for hundreds of millions of people across developing countries.”

Ms Clark ended her four-country tour of Africa by launching the second annual Picture This photo contest in Johannesburg in partnership with Olympus Corporation and the Agence France-Presse (AFP) Foundation. The contest, titled Picture This: We Can End Poverty, seeks to show the inspirational work that is being done in many countries to achieve the MDGs.

“Through the photo contest this year we want to show that the MDGs can be reached, even in the poorest and most disadvantaged countries,” Ms Clark concluded.

High-profile cricketers including Graeme Smith, Kumar Sangakkara, Mahendra Singh Dhoni and Stafanie Taylor team took time out from the Twenty20 World Cup being held at Barbados to help support cricket’s global response to HIV.

A series of community activities have been organized during the tournament by the Think Wise partnership. While Sri Lanka’s captain Sangakkara visited a school in Barbados to deliver an HIV prevention session, the Indian team hosted community groups and carried out cricket training sessions.

The South African squad invited a group of children aged 12-15 to visit a training session followed by a 15-minute question and answer session with skipper Smith. The children then showcased their cricketing skills to Rob Walter, the South Africa fitness trainer.

Stafanie Taylor and Stacy-Ann King, both of the West Indies women's cricket team, visited Project Viola in St Kitts which aims to provide services and support to teen mothers in school.

Think Wise, a partnership programme between UNAIDS, the International Cricket Council, UNICEF and the Global Media AIDS Initiative, was established to use the power of cricket to help tackle key issues around AIDS and encourage informed decision making by children and young adults.

The advocacy work carried out by the partnership and leading international cricketers delivers key information about HIV through public service announcements, event publications and online at international, regional and national levels. The partnership also provides information resources to young people and volunteers, coaches, as well as commentators and broadcasters about the AIDS epidemic.

Talking about the campaign, Graeme Smith said, “As a Think Wise Champion, I believe that it is very important to use my profile to encourage young people to protect themselves from HIV.

“By having the chance to meet young people from the region, I have been able to understand the important work that organizations such as UNAIDS and UNICEF, working with local agencies, do in providing young people with education on HIV in the Caribbean,” he added.

UNICEF Representative for Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, Tom Olsen, added: “We are extremely proud of this partnership and value it highly. We talk a lot of sports for development and know the value of using sports to effect positive behavioural change."

Sri Lankan skipper Sangakkara said, “Hopefully more players and umpires will join in with this project in the future so we can continue to spread the word.”

A Caribbean Broadcast Media Partnership on HIV/AIDS public service announcement campaign, featuring Taylor alongside other leading Caribbean celebrities, is also being played on the big screen at matches and by CBMP broadcasters across the region.

Tickets have been donated to local community groups who run HIV prevention programmes, umpires are wearing Think Wise logos on their shirts and players in the semi-finals and the final on May 16 will wear red ribbons as a show of support for people living with HIV.

The partnership between UNAIDS and ICC began in September 2003 when they first teamed up to bring messages of HIV prevention to young people across cricket playing nations. In 2006 UNICEF also joined the partnership which now also supports the “Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS” campaign.