L to R: Luiz Loures, UNAIDS Director of Political and Public Affairs; Margaret Chan, WHO Director-general; and Guy Ryder, ILO Director-General, holding a chart during the launch of the campaign showing that the likelihood of employment for people living with HIV increases with access to HIV treatment. Geneva, Switzerland

The International Labour Organization (ILO), together with UNAIDS and the World Health Organization, launched on 27 November the “Getting to Zero at Work” campaign to promote the rights of people living with HIV in the workplace. The initiative recognizes the vital role that the world of work plays in the response to AIDS.

“The United Nations is leading by example through its own workplace policies,” said ILO Director-General, Guy Ryder. “Today, we must all together, governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations and other stakeholders, recommit to protecting the human rights of people living with HIV so that they may enjoy the right to work free from discrimination.”

More than 30 million people living with HIV who are of working age still face a high level of discrimination, according to the ILO. This prevents or limits their access to jobs as well as HIV services. Recent evidence shows that providing access to HIV prevention and treatment increases productivity and bring back people to work.

“Zero AIDS-related deaths and zero new HIV infections are realistic goals. The most challenging objective is zero discrimination,” said Luiz Loures, UNAIDS Director of Political and Public Affairs. “The ILO’s efforts to get to zero discrimination at Work are critical for an effective response to AIDS. The workplace is the most effective place to protect the human rights of workers and ensure a safe and supportive environment for people living with and affected by HIV.”

Margaret Chan, WHO Director-general, highlighted the important role that health workers play standing on the frontline of the AIDS response: “If countries are to achieve universal access to HIV services, one of their first steps must be to ensure that all health workers have access to effective and affordable HIV prevention, treatment and care."

The “Getting to zero at work” campaign aims to promote the ILO Recommendation No.200, the first international labour standard on HIV and AIDS in the world of work adopted in 2010.  The ILO standard provides sound guidance on addressing HIV through the promotion of human rights, job security and enhancing access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services from a workplace perspective.

Dr Francis Kimani, Director of Medical Services, Maya Harper, UNAIDS Country Coordinator, Robert Godec, United States Ambassador to Kenya and Hon Beth Mugo, Minister for Public Health and Sanitation of Kenya.

A national campaign to stop new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keep their mothers alive was announced on 16 November by the Kenyan Minister for Public Health and Sanitation Beth Mugo. The new initiative is part of a commitment made by Kenya at the 2011 United Nations General Assembly High Level Meeting on AIDS in New York, and marks an important milestone in the national AIDS programme in Kenya.

HIV is the leading cause of all deaths in the country and contributes to 20% of maternal deaths and 7% of all deaths in children aged five years or less. An estimated 13 000 children became newly infected with HIV in 2011. Kenya is one of the 22 countries listed as riorities under the Global Plan—which provides the foundation for country-led movements towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive.

The new campaign aims to mobilize citizens, especially women of reproductive age, to access HIV prevention services. The Government of Kenya has committed to improve the quality of HIV services available by providing all HIV-positive pregnant women with life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) even after delivery (a strategy known as Option B+).

Ms Mugo acknowledged the multiple benefits of providing HIV-positive pregnant women with life-long ART, which include preventing HIV transmission to their children and improving the overall health of HIV-positive mothers. Ms Mugo noted, however, that the implementation of this approach will be gradual and will require a strengthened health system. “Let us not focus solely on HIV services, but adopt an integrated service and multi-sectoral approach to keep our mothers and children alive,” she said.

Placing women at the centre

Women living with HIV have been central to the campaign through the Kenya Mentor Mothers programme, through which HIV-positive mothers provide advice and encourage other pregnant women to access HIV services.

Mercy, an HIV-positive mother of three, works as a mentor mother in the new programme. She herself benefited from accessing HIV services to prevent HIV transmission to her children and stressed that stigma initially made it difficult for her to access HIV prevention, treatment and care services. She highlighted that stigma and discrimination are continuous barriers to HIV services and must be addressed in order for the campaign to be successful.

“I was lucky to have had access to health services. My baby is negative because of the information, services and support I received from the health facility,” said Mercy. “Today I serve my community as a mentor mother where I support HIV positive pregnant women and encourage them to adhere to treatment and exclusive breastfeeding.”

The role of men is also taken into account in the new campaign. “Maternal and Child health has been complicated and slowed by HIV. Worse still, maternal and child health is affected by the poor male involvement,” said the Director of Medical Services, Dr Francis Kimani. He called on men to fully participate in ensuring that their children and their children's mothers are healthy, and encouraged men to find out their HIV status and to always accompany their partners to visits to antenatal clinics.

UNAIDS Country Coordinator Maya Harper noted that services for the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV are a key entry point to providing HIV services to the entire family. “This campaign is an excellent opportunity to catalyze a new movement for family planning, reproductive health and rights in the country,” she said.

The event also saw the launch of the National Strategic Framework to guide the implementation of the campaign for the year 2012 – 2015 in addition to the National Communication Strategy for the elimination of new HIV infections among children and the National Guidelines for peer education to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission.

UNAIDS Deputy Executive Director, Management and Governance, Jan Beagle and Dr Ziad Memish, Deputy Minister for Public Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The Arab region is breaking new ground in its actions on HIV and AIDS. “The increasing number of HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths indicate the importance of developing a clear roadmap for the Arab region with achievable goals” said Dr. Ziad Memish, Deputy Minister for Public Health of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  He pledged the commitment of Saudi Arabia to continue its leadership in the development of the Arab AIDS Initiative, launched by the Arab Ministers of Health in October 2011, to scale up the HIV response at regional and national levels to achieve the targets set in the 2011 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS.

At a meeting  convened by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under the auspices of the League of Arab States and supported by UNAIDS, governmental and non-governmental representatives recognized the need for urgent action as MENA is one of only two regions where the epidemic continues to grow. While overall numbers may be relatively low, estimates from the UNAIDS Global Report released in November 2012 indicate an increase in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths in MENA region. Since 2001 the number of people newly infected with HIV has increased by more than 35%, with a significant increase in AIDS-related deaths. The report also shows that despite a doubling of the number of people accessing HIV treatment in the region between 2009 and 2011, coverage of HIV treatment remains very low, at 15%.

Participants agreed that the guiding principles for the development of the Arab AIDS Strategy should include; evidence based and rights based; people centered; multi-sectoral; integrated; and gender and youth sensitive. The strategy should recognize and leverage the diversity of HIV situations and responses in the region.

“AIDS is not only a health issue, but a social and developmental issue that demands a coordinated evidence-based response” said Dr. Laila Negm, Director of the Health and Humanitarian Aid Department, League of Arab States. She emphasised the need for political mobilisation to address prevention, treatment, and stigma and discrimination and said that the region would count on the continued support of UNAIDS to move the Strategy forward.

“There is a window of opportunity for the region to demonstrate that it can be among the first to end AIDS, and leverage the AIDS response for broader health, human rights and development outcomes” said Ms. Jan Beagle, Deputy Executive Director of UNAIDS.

UNAIDS International Goodwill Ambassador Diabaté and Executive Director Michel Sidibé at UNAIDS headquarters in Geneva, 16 November 2012. Credit: UNAIDS

UNAIDS International Goodwill Ambassador Toumani Diabaté visited the UNAIDS headquarters in Geneva on 16 November where he met with UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé to take stock on the current state of the AIDS epidemic.

Mr Diabaté, a worldwide-acclaimed musician from Mali and GRAMMY award winner, plays the kora, a harp-like instrument unique to West Africa, which he has brought to audiences around the world. He has used his influence as a well-respected public figure to advocate for the elimination of stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV, which is a key component of the UNAIDS vision of Getting to Zero.

“Toumani is not just a voice, not just an artist,” said Mr Sidibé. “He grew up in a place where it was not worth being a famous musician if you could not change things with your music.”

UNAIDS.org took this opportunity to interview Mr Diabaté about his role in the AIDS response.

As a well-known musician, you use your influence to back a lot of important social causes. Why did you choose to focus on AIDS in particular?

I have seen a lot in my life, especially how stigma and discrimination can affect people and societies negatively. People living with and affected by HIV are often not treated with the respect they deserve. I want to help stop AIDS-related stigma and discrimination by speaking to my audience about the facts of HIV. By knowing the facts, people can be empowered to make informed choices and help support people living with HIV.

What would you like to contribute to the global response to AIDS?

I hope that, with my humble voice, I can help reach a greater audience and make people act as well as listen. I want them to take the AIDS issue seriously and get involved. Together we can make a difference.

Why do you think your music is such an effective tool in spreading HIV awareness messages in Mali and overseas?

Music connects people and builds bridges between cultures, and through it we have an opportunity to touch souls and express feelings. I hope that my audience will listen to and understand my message about stopping stigma and discrimination associated with AIDS.

What do you think needs to change in West Africa and globally for the UNAIDS vision of zero new HIV infections, zero AIDS-related deaths and zero discrimination to become a reality?

It is about shared responsibility: everybody needs to get involved, and I would like to see increased involvement of governments and the private sector, while remembering that people affected have to be at the center of the AIDS response and included in the decision-making processes. We can all contribute to making a difference and getting to zero.

The 2012 State of World Population report focuses on the need for more policy and programmatic action to ensure that all people have access to family planning.
Credit: UNFPA

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has launched its 2012 State of World Population report entitled “By Choice, Not by Chance”. The new publication places renewed focus on the need for more policy and programmatic action to ensure that all people can equally access family planning services—which is critical to individuals’ abilities to exercise their reproductive rights.

This rights-based approach, the report says, might be the premise for the global sustainable development framework that would succeed the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

By enabling individuals to choose the number and spacing of their children, family planning has allowed women, and their children, to live healthier, longer lives. However, not everyone can yet plan their sexual and reproductive life. The report highlights that a staggering 222 million women of childbearing age in developing countries still do not have access to modern contraceptives. This places them at higher risk of HIV. Women and girls of reproductive age are the hardest hit by the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe, for example, and HIV is responsible for about one in four maternal deaths. In Malawi, lack of information, long distances to services and unfriendly providers contributed to high rates of unintended pregnancy and HIV among adolescents and young people.

Despite international commitments to remove barriers to family planning for all population groups, research finds that young people’s needs remain largely neglected. The report notes that the largest generation of young people in history is unable to fully exercise their reproductive rights and prevent unintended pregnancies, mitigate the risks of school dropout, or protect themselves from sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.

Each day, 2 500 youth, the majority of them female, become newly infected with HIV, the report states.

A number of other important population groups are neglected by family planning systems or sometimes face insurmountable barriers: young people, unmarried adults, people who are separated from their partners, older men, people with disabilities, refugees, people living with HIV and ethnic minorities. An enormous need exists to provide focused and sustainable services to these groups. The report finds that the costs of ignoring the right to family planning will exacerbate poverty, exclusion, poor health and gender inequality.

There are signs of progress, however. Viet Nam has expanded its reproductive health services, for example, to include family planning, pre- and post-natal care and HIV prevention.

Last July, at the London Summit on Family Planning, donor countries and foundations together pledged $2.6 billion to make family planning available to 120 million women in developing countries with unmet needs by 2020. Developing countries themselves also pledged to increase support.

But, according to the report, an additional $4.1 billion is necessary each year to meet the unmet need for family planning. This investment would save lives by preventing unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions.

Money is just one part of the solution, it says. The report also calls on governments and leaders to take or reinforce a rights-based approach to family planning; secure an emphasis on family planning in the global sustainable development agenda; ensure equality by focusing on specific excluded groups; and raise the funds to invest fully in family planning.

L to R: Luiz Loures, UNAIDS Director of the Political and Public Affairs branch; César Antonio Núñez, Director of the Regional Support Team for Latin America; Dr Carissa Etienne, Director elected of the Pan American Health Organization; Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS; and Ernest Massiah, Director of the Regional Support Team for the Caribbean.

UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé met on 7 November with the recently appointed Director of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Dr Carissa Etienne at the UNAIDS Headquarters in Geneva to strengthen collaboration towards putting an end to AIDS in the Americas.

"We can build on the successes of the Americas, a region that was one of the first to eliminate measles and polio,” said Mr Sidibé. “There is no reason why this region cannot be the first to end AIDS.”

During the meeting, they exchanged ideas on how to increase joint efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 and to ensure that health and HIV are part of the post 2015 agenda.

"As we look forward, HIV and health are key for the region, and for global development,” said Dr Etienne. “PAHO will play a key role in moving this agenda forward and with UNAIDS, the Americas can be the first region to see the end of AIDS.”

Dr Carissa Etienne, a native of Dominica, was elected as the new PAHO Director during the 28th Pan American Sanitary Conference that took place from 17-21 September 2012 in Washington D.C. and will begin her five-year term on 1 February 2013. Dr Etienne is currently Assistant Director General, Health Systems and Services, of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva.

UNAIDS Chief of Resource Mobilization Mariangela Bavicchi Lerner and General Manager of OVS Francesco Sama pose with the young fashion designers who participated in the Make Love With campaign. Credit: OVS

Eleven young designers, the new generation of international fashion, joined together to create an exclusive collection of tops and t-shirts for Italian fashion retailer OVS as their personal contribution to the response to AIDS. This initiative is part of the Make Love With campaign, launched by OVS in partnership with the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).

The campaign aims to raise both funds and awareness towards the UNAIDS vision of “zero new infections, zero discrimination, zero AIDS-related deaths”. The money that is raised will support the work of UNAIDS in improving HIV treatment and prevention, as well as eliminating stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV.

"It seemed fitting for a company like OVS, which primarily targets and engages with young people, to commit to this issue,” said Stefano Beraldo, CEO of Gruppo Coin, which owns OVS. “We were keen to launch and develop this campaign in collaboration with an international partner like UNAIDS, to work both within and outside the country borders, especially in light of our international expansion.”

The group of young designers include: Lavinia Biagiotti, Rachele Cavalli, Louis Marie de Castelbajac, Maria Sole Ferragamo, Marta Ferri, Alessandra Gucci, Alice Lemoine, Talitha Puri Negri, Lola Toscani, Rocco Toscani and Francesca Versace. Rocco Toscani, son of famous photographer Oliviero Toscani, also took the official campaign shots, featuring the young designers each wearing their own creation.

Young people aged 15-24 are the group most affected by HIV, accounting for 40% of all new adult HIV infections.  In 2011, about 5 million young people were living with HIV worldwide, with more than 2 400 being newly infected every day. According to the most recent population-based surveys in low- and middle-income countries, only 24% of young women and 36% of young men have an adequate knowledge of HIV prevention and transmission. Addressing the needs of young people and keeping them educated and informed encourages them to make responsible choices and drastically decreases their risk of being exposed to HIV.

 “This partnership with OVS presents an exciting opportunity to reach young people with HIV prevention messages,” said Michel Sidibé, Executive Director of UNAIDS. “Young people are leading the HIV prevention revolution around the world. Through our joint campaign, we will harness the energy and creativity of youth and the fashion world in support of the global HIV response.”

In recent years, UNAIDS has supported a number of other youth initiatives, including CrowdOutAIDS, an online collaborative policy project which leveraged social media and online collaboration tools to develop the first ever crowdsourced strategy document in the history of the United Nations. Over 5,000 young activists from 79 countries participated in the initiative.

The collection will be launched officially in the newly-renovated OVS store in Milan on November 27^th. It will be available to the public worldwide on World AIDS Day (December 1^st) in stores and online at www.ovs.it /makelovewith. Special events will be also organized in OVS stores in Russia, India and China.

UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé and the Minister of Health of Costa Rica, Dr Daisy Corrales. UNAIDS HQ, Geneva. 6 November 2012. Credit: UNAIDS

The Minister of Health of Costa Rica, Dr Daisy Corrales, aims to strengthen the AIDS response among key populations at higher risk in her country, which is where the epidemic remains concentrated. During a meeting with UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé on 6 November at the UNAIDS Headquarters in Geneva, Dr Corrales highlighted the focus of her Ministry in developing HIV communications and educational strategies for organizations working with male sex workers.

“We need to develop our strategies to reach male sex workers with HIV information and education that is relevant to their needs and in agreement with their particular work schedules,” said Dr Corrales.

Costa Rica’s HIV prevalence among adults 15 to 49 years of age is 0.3%. The country’s HIV epidemic is concentrated among key populations at higher risk of infection such as the migrant indigenous population, men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers and their clients. A study conducted in 2010 found HIV prevalence among MSM of 10.9% and 11% among female sex workers.

“It is not always easy to talk about men who have sex with men, sex workers or drug users but we have an obligation to ensure they have access to HIV services that are free from stigma and discrimination,” said Mr Sidibé.

Mr Sidibé also commended the Government of Costa Rica for its efforts in scaling up HIV treatment for people with HIV—an estimated 65% coverage—as well as their success in stopping new HIV infections among children. “Costa Rica’s transmission rate of HIV from mother-to-child is consistently under 2%, a very impressive feat and a bold example for Latin America that an HIV free generation is within our reach.”

Mr Sidibé assured the Minister of Health that UNAIDS will continue providing support to Costa Rica to design its strategy for an effective and sustainable response to AIDS.

The United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoys for AIDS are committed individuals selected by the United Nations Secretary-General to help advance the AIDS agenda at global level and to ensure that AIDS is kept high as a political priority in their respective regions. In a series of interviews with Unaids.org, the Special Envoys for AIDS shared their views on the state of the AIDS epidemic and their own role in the global effort to end the epidemic.

J.V.R.Prasada Rao, United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for AIDS in Asia and the Pacific.
Credit: UNAIDS

J.V.R.Prasada Rao, a national of India, was appointed United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for AIDS in Asia and the Pacific effective July 2012.

Mr Rao was the Director of India’s National AIDS Control Organization for five years before serving as India’s Permanent Secretary for Health and Family Welfare. There, he played an instrumental role in implementing a comprehensive and decentralized national AIDS control programme. He then joined UNAIDS in 2004, where he was appointed Regional Director for Asia and Pacific and subsequently Senior Advisor to the Executive Director. He has served as Member Secretary of two independent commissions on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific and is currently a Commissioner of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law.

During his work, Mr Rao consistently advocated for the empowerment of vulnerable communities and people living with HIV as an essential element to achieving an effective AIDS response in Asia and the Pacific.

UNAIDS.org: As one of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoys for AIDS, what do you consider to be your role in the response to the epidemic?

The United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon and the UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé share the vision of getting to zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. This includes Asia and the Pacific, a region which represents more than half of the world’s population. Although the region has seen progress in the areas of HIV prevention and treatment, we still have a long way to go to get to zero. Thus, my aim is to bring this message to top political leaders across the region.

We must use the critical three-year period before 2015 to reach the Millennium Development Goal on combatting HIV. I would like to share this message with political leaders, parliamentarians, community representatives and donors.

What motivates you in this role?

The biggest motivating factor for working as Special Envoy on AIDS is the historical opportunity we have to reverse the spread of HIV in Asia Pacific and to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.

I have been working on AIDS programmes for the past 15 years, first in the Government of India and later at UNAIDS, and faced enormous challenges—particularly in the early days of the AIDS response. Things have changed a lot since then, but I learned some important lessons which I can now pass on to others to make our collective efforts in responding to the epidemic more efficient.

The number of new HIV infections has stabilized in Asia and decreased in the Pacific in recent years. What has changed in the region?

In the last 10 years, some countries have shown remarkable progress in terms of HIV prevention, which has helped bring down new HIV infections. As a whole, the number of new HIV infections in the region is declining, but I am still not happy with the rate of this decline, and in many countries new HIV infections continue to rise.

Successful countries, such as Thailand, Cambodia, India and Malaysia, have invested wisely in HIV prevention programmes for key populations at higher risk. In the Pacific, countries like Fiji and Samoa have demonstrated that a determined leadership and a strong commitment to the AIDS response can make a big difference. Regional inter-governmental bodies like the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) have kept AIDS a priority, and this has contributed greatly to the stabilisation of HIV infections in member countries.

What key issues and challenges remain in the response to AIDS in Asia and the Pacific?

I would like to highlight the threat that comes from political leadership being complacent and claiming victory too early. AIDS is becoming less of a priority in some of the Asian countries that have seen improvement in recent years. We need to work with the leadership in these countries to ensure that the response to AIDS does not lose momentum. We cannot afford a second wave of the epidemic in the region.

The region is lagging behind the global average in the provision of HIV treatment and prevention services to stop new HIV infections among children. Programme managers and political leaders should be aware of this and work to improve access to treatment to vulnerable communities, women and children.

Adverse legal environments continue to be a challenge in many countries in the region. Key populations such as men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who use drugs are still criminalised in most countries. I will encourage political leaders and legislators to reform both the laws themselves and the way they are enforced. Small countries like Fiji and Nepal have demonstrated that when leaders commit, they can alter the environment of stigma and discrimination surrounding AIDS.

Throughout your career you have consistently advocated for the empowerment of vulnerable communities. What is the role of key populations in Asia and the Pacific in the response to AIDS?

People living with HIV and key populations at higher risk such as men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who use drugs play a central role in the response to AIDS. The Asia Commission report and country-specific surveillance data show that countries need to invest in programmes to prevent HIV infections among key populations, yet many countries are still not dedicating appropriate resources. I would like to see constructive activism from leaders and members of key populations in pressuring governments to provide adequate funding for HIV prevention and treatment services for the most vulnerable communities.

At this critical juncture of the AIDS response, the unity and commitment of community leaders is crucial. Some have successfully demonstrated how community-owned HIV programmes for HIV prevention and treatment can be cost-effective and produce positive results. We need to see more of these community-owned HIV programmes implemented in various countries. This is bound to make a difference to the course of the epidemic.

The members of the High-Level Taskforce for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV for Eastern and Southern Africa during their recent visit to South Africa

The High-Level Taskforce for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV for Eastern and Southern Africa concluded a week-long political advocacy mission to South Africa calling for renewed commitment and leadership to protect the health and rights of young women and girls in the country.

South Africa’s Department of Women, Children and People with Disabilities invited the Taskforce to advocate with the country’s leadership around the critical issues facing women and girls today including teenage pregnancy, gender based-violence, transmission of HIV from mother-to-child, and sex work.

“The work done by the Taskforce will help us identify gaps and challenges which will enable us to develop more effective intervention programmes,” said the Deputy Minister of the Department of Women, Children and People with Disabilities, Ms Hendrietta Bopane-Zulu.

The members of the Taskforce met with South Africa’s high-level government officials, representatives of international and civil society organisations, parliamentarians and other stakeholders working on the HIV response. The delegation also held discussion with networks of women living with HIV and lesbian, gay, bisexual transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) communities.

High teenage pregnancy

Despite South Africa’s progress in the AIDS response, women and girls remain disproportionately affected by the epidemic. According to the 2008 Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) household survey, HIV prevalence was more than four times higher in women aged 20–24 (21.1%) than in men in the same age group (5.1%).

Social determinants such as poverty, inequalities, gender based violence, and limited access to sexual and reproductive health information together with a lack of adolescent friendly health services make teenage girls vulnerable to unintended pregnancy and HIV infection. Data from the National Strategic Plan on HIV, TB and STIs, 2012–2016 shows that 39% of 15–19-year-old girls have been pregnant at least once and 49% of adolescent mothers are pregnant again in the subsequent 24 months. It also reveals that one in five pregnant adolescents is HIV-positive.

“We are doing everything possible to end teenage pregnancies, which are primarily caused by older men taking advantage of young girls,” said South Africa’s Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe. “We have all the necessary policies in place but our biggest challenge is changing societal attitudes,” added Dr Motlanthe.

The Taskforce team engaged with the King Goodwill Zwelithini of KwaZulu-Natal Province regarding traditional and social norms, such as intergenerational sex and  multiple and concurrent partnerships that contribute towards the issue of teenage pregnancy. "We should not only focus on youth programmes,” said King Zwelithini. “We must also educate parents at home because some parents find it hard to talk to their children. It is not easy but we should speak the truth, because the love of truth is the spirit of men," he added.

“Prevention of unintended pregnancies and HIV infection in young girls must be a major priority for South Africa’s leadership”, said Professor Sheila Tlou, Regional Director of UNAIDS and a member of the Taskforce. “Keeping girls in school is critical to reduce new HIV infections among girls and help them to reach their potential.”

Stopping new HIV infections among children

The elimination of new HIV infection among children and keeping their mothers alive was also present during the discussions that the Taskforce members had with South Africa’s Minister of Health, Dr Aaron Motsoaledi. South Africa has seen a decrease in mother-to-child transmission of HIV from 3.5% in 2010 to 2.7% in 2011 and is well on its way to meet the target set in the 2011 Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS of virtual elimination by 2015.

Minister of Gender, Children and Social Development in Kenya and member of the Taskforce, Naomi Shaban (left) with South Africa’s Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe.

While acknowledging the drop in new HIV infections among children, the Minister of Gender, Children and Social Development in Kenya, Dr Naomi Shaban—who led the Taskforce delegation—stressed that more needs to be done to keep mothers alive. “We need to redouble our efforts to save babies but also, we need to ensure that the mothers are there to care for their children,” said Dr Shaban.

In order to address the high rates of maternal mortality in South Africa—310/100 000 live births—earlier this year, the National Department of Health, spearheaded by the Minister of Health, Dr Motsoaledi, launched the Campaign for Accelerated Reduction of Maternal Mortality in Africa (CARMMA) in South Africa.

Some of the key elements of CARMMA is to strengthen women’s access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services, especially family planning to prevent new HIV infections and unintended pregnancies, strengthen the health system to provide human resources for maternal and child health and to intensify the management of HIV-positive mothers.

The High-Level Taskforce for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa, which comprises ministers, National AIDS Council (NAC) directors, four regional UN directors, civil society and women living with HIV, was officially launched in December 2011 at the 16^th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA). It aims to engage in high-level political advocacy in support of accelerated country actions and monitoring the implementation of the draft Windhoek Declaration for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV.